Improved photoluminescence and afterglow of CaTiO<sub>3</sub>:Pr<sup>3+</sup> by ammonia treatment

doi:10.1364/OME.3.000248

Improved photoluminescence and afterglow of CaTiO₃:Pr³⁺ by ammonia treatment

Songhak Yoon, Eugenio H. Otal, Alexandra E. Maegli, Lassi Karvonen, Santhosh K. Matam, Stefan Riegg, Stefan G. Ebbinghaus, Juan C. Fallas, Hans Hagemann, Bernhard Walfort, Simone Pokrant, and Anke Weidenkaff »View Author Affiliations

Optical Materials Express, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 248-259 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.3.000248

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Abstract

The phosphor CaTiO₃:Pr³⁺ was synthesized via a solid-state reaction in combination with a subsequent annealing under flowing NH₃. Comparatively large off-center displacements of Ti in the TiO₆ octahedra were confirmed for as-synthesized CaTiO₃:Pr³ by XANES. Raman spectroscopy showed that the local crystal structure becomes highly symmetric when the powders are ammonolyzed at 400 °C. Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data revealed that the samples ammonolyzed at 400 °C have the smallest lattice strain and at the same time the largest average Ti-O-Ti angles were obtained. The samples ammonolyzed at 400 °C also showed the smallest mass loss during the thermal re-oxidation in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Enhanced photolumincescence brightness and an improved decay curve as well as the highest reflectance were obtained for the samples ammonolyzed at 400 °C. The improved photoluminescence and afterglow by NH₃ treatment are explained as a result of the reduced concentration of oxygen excesses with simultaneous relaxation of the lattice strain.

OCIS Codes
(160.2540) Materials : Fluorescent and luminescent materials
(160.4760) Materials : Optical properties
(160.5690) Materials : Rare-earth-doped materials

ToC Category:
Fluorescent and Luminescent Materials

History
Original Manuscript: December 3, 2012
Revised Manuscript: December 26, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: January 7, 2013
Published: January 16, 2013

Citation
Songhak Yoon, Eugenio H. Otal, Alexandra E. Maegli, Lassi Karvonen, Santhosh K. Matam, Stefan Riegg, Stefan G. Ebbinghaus, Juan C. Fallas, Hans Hagemann, Bernhard Walfort, Simone Pokrant, and Anke Weidenkaff, "Improved photoluminescence and afterglow of CaTiO₃:Pr³⁺ by ammonia treatment," Opt. Mater. Express 3, 248-259 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ome/abstract.cfm?URI=ome-3-2-248

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References

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Domen, K.
Donghua, C.
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Du, Y.
Dubois, M.
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Haranath, D.
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Kitajima, M.
Koh, J.
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Kuwabara, M.
Kuznetsov, V. N.
Lin, Y. H.
Longo, E.
Lü, X. D.
Lubomirsky, I.
Luca, V.
Luo, Y. S.
Lyahovitskaya, V.
Maeda, K.
Maegli, A.
Maegli, A. E.
Mahiou, R.
Mandaliev, P.
Marques, V. S.
Matsuzawa, T.
Meltzer, R. S.
Migoni, R.
Mizoguchi, T.
Modrow, H.
Morton, D.
Muller, T.
Murayama, Y.
Nan, C. W.
Nie, Z. G.
Novakovich, A. A.
Oró-Solé, J.
Otal, E.
Otal, E. H.
Peng, X. D.
Perez, A.
Pinel, E.
Pizani, P. S.
Reaney, I. M.
Reller, A.
Ren, X. G.
Ressler, T.
Rivera, I.
Rodgers, J. A.
Rodriguez, T.
Rodríguez-Carvajal, J.
Sano, H.
Santos, M. R. M. C.
Sarakha, L.
Saunders, H. D.
Sczancoski, J. C.
Serpone, N.
Shimizu, M.
Shu, W. G.
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Smets, B. M. J.
Smith, D. W.
Stachiotti, M.
Stern, E. A.
Stokes, A. R.
Tabata, M.
Takeuchi, N.
Tanaka, I.
Tang, J. F.
Tang, W. J.
Tang, Z. L.
Terashima, H.
Thompson, P.
Tsao, J. Y.
Ubic, R.
Urazhdin, S. V.
Varela, J. A.
Vecht, A.
Vedrinskii, R. V.
Vink, A. P.
Vogel-Schauble, N.
Volanti, D. P.
Wachtel, E.
Walfort, B.
Wang, J.
Wang, M. Y.
Wang, X. J.
Wanjun, T.
Weidenkaff, A.
Wilson, A. J. C.
Wright, J. C.
Xie, S. Y.
Xiong, X. Q.
Xu, G. W.
Xu, W. L.
Yamamoto, T.
Yang, L. Z.
Yang, M. H.
Yarwood, J.
Yen, W. M.
Yin, S. Y.
Yoon, S.
Yu, Q. M.
Yu, X. B.
Yuan, Y. H.
Zeller, A.
Zhang, C. H.
Zhang, J. H.
Zhang, X.
Zhang, X. M.
Zhang, Z. T.
Zhao, D.
Zheng, H.
Zhou, C. L.
Zhu, A.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Y. H. Lin, Z. L. Tang, Z. T. Zhang, and C. W. Nan, “Anomalous luminescence in Sr4Al14O25:Eu, Dy phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett.81(6), 996–998 (2002). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.

H. Modrow, “Tuning nanoparticle properties—the x-ray absorption spectroscopic point of view,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.39(2), 183–290 (2004). [CrossRef]

Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.

K. Maeda, H. Terashima, K. Kase, M. Higashi, M. Tabata, and K. Domen, “Surface modification of taon with monoclinic ZrO2 to produce a composite photocatalyst with enhanced hydrogen evolution activity under visible light,” Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.81(8), 927–937 (2008). [CrossRef]

Chem. Phys. Lett.

X. M. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, X. Zhang, L. Chen, Y. S. Luo, and X. J. Wang, “Enhancement of the red emission in CaTiO3:Pr3+ by addition of rare earth oxides,” Chem. Phys. Lett.434(4–6), 237–240 (2007). [CrossRef]

Dalton Trans.

A. Fuertes, “Synthesis and properties of functional oxynitrides—from photocatalysts to CMR materials,” Dalton Trans.39(26), 5942–5948 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Alloy. Comp.

E. Pinel, P. Boutinaud, and R. Mahiou, “What makes the luminescence of Pr3+ different in CaTiO3 and CaZrO3?” J. Alloy. Comp.380(1–2), 225–229 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

T. Wanjun and C. Donghua, “Photoluminescent properties of (Ca,Zn)TiO3:Pr3+ particles synthesized by the peroxide-based route method,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc.90(10), 3156–3159 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Cryst.

P. Thompson, D. E. Cox, and J. B. Hastings, “Rietveld refinement of Debye-Scherrer synchrotron x-ray data from Al2O3,” J. Appl. Cryst.20(2), 79–83 (1987). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

H. Zheng, H. Bagshaw, G. D. C. Csete de Györgyfalva, I. M. Reaney, R. Ubic, and J. Yarwood, “Raman spectroscopy and microwave properties of CaTiO3-based ceramics,” J. Appl. Phys.94(5), 2948–2956 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Electrochem. Soc.

T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi, and Y. Murayama, “New long phosphorescent phosphor with high brightness, SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+,” J. Electrochem. Soc.143(8), 2670–2673 (1996). [CrossRef]

J. Lumin.

W. Jia, D. Jia, T. Rodriguez, D. R. Evans, R. S. Meltzer, and W. M. Yen, “UV excitation and trapping centers in CaTiO3:Pr3+,” J. Lumin.119–120, 13–18 (2006). [CrossRef]
R. Fujiwara, H. Sano, M. Shimizu, and M. Kuwabara, “Quantitative analysis of uv excitation bands for red emissions in Pr3+-doped CaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 phosphors by peak fitting,” J. Lumin.129(3), 231–237 (2009). [CrossRef]
P. Boutinaud, E. Pinel, M. Dubois, A. P. Vink, and R. Mahiou, “UV-to-red relaxation pathways in CaTiO3:Pr3+,” J. Lumin.111(1–2), 69–80 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Mater. Sci.

S. Y. Yin, D. H. Chen, W. J. Tang, and Y. H. Yuan, “Synthesis of CaTiO3:Pr, Al phosphors by sol-gel method and their luminescence properties,” J. Mater. Sci.42(8), 2886–2890 (2007). [CrossRef]
X. D. Lü, W. G. Shu, Q. Fang, Q. M. Yu, and X. Q. Xiong, “Roles of doping ions in persistent luminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Re3+ phosphors,” J. Mater. Sci.42(15), 6240–6245 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

V. Luca, S. Djajanti, and R. F. Howe, “Structural and electronic properties of sol-gel titanium oxides studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy,” J. Phys. Chem. B102(52), 10650–10657 (1998). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. C

V. N. Kuznetsov and N. Serpone, “On the origin of the spectral bands in the visible absorption spectra of visible-light-active TiO2 specimens analysis and assignments,” J. Phys. Chem. C113(34), 15110–15123 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Condens. Matter

R. V. Vedrinskii, V. L. Kraizman, A. A. Novakovich, P. V. Demekhin, and S. V. Urazhdin, “Pre-edge fine structure of the 3d atom k x-ray absorption spectra and quantitative atomic structure determinations for ferroelectric perovskite structure crystals,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter10(42), 9561–9580 (1998). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.

J. Y. Tsao, H. D. Saunders, J. R. Creighton, M. E. Coltrin, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an energy-economics perspective,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.43(35), 354001 (2010). [CrossRef]
D. Haranath, A. F. Khan, and H. Chander, “Bright red luminescence and energy transfer of Pr3+-doped (Ca,Zn)TiO3 phosphor for long decay applications,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.39(23), 4956–4960 (2006). [CrossRef]
P. Boutinaud, L. Sarakha, E. Cavalli, M. Bettinelli, P. Dorenbos, and R. Mahiou, “About red afterglow in Pr3+ doped titanate perovskites,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.42(4), 045106 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Solid State Chem.

T. Hirata, K. Ishioka, and M. Kitajima, “Vibrational spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of perovskite compounds Sr1-xMxTiO3 (M= Ca, Mg; 0 ≤x≤ 1),” J. Solid State Chem.124(2), 353–359 (1996). [CrossRef]
A. Maegli, S. Yoon, E. Otal, L. Karvonen, P. Mandaliev, and A. Weidenkaff, “Perovskite-type SrTi1-xNbx(O,N)3 compounds: synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties,” J. Solid State Chem.184(4), 929–936 (2011). [CrossRef]

J. Synchrotron Radiat.

T. Ressler, “WinXAS: a program for X-ray absorption spectroscopy data analysis under MS-Windows,” J. Synchrotron Radiat.5(2), 118–122 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B

A. Vecht, D. W. Smith, S. S. Chadha, C. S. Gibbons, J. Koh, and D. Morton, “New electron excited light-emitting materials,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B12(2), 781–784 (1994). [CrossRef]

Mater. Chem. Phys.

B. M. J. Smets, “Phosphors based on rare-earths, a new era in fluorescent lighting,” Mater. Chem. Phys.16(3–4), 283–299 (1987). [CrossRef]

Mater. Lett.

J. F. Tang, X. B. Yu, L. Z. Yang, C. L. Zhou, and X. D. Peng, “Preparation and Al3+ enhanced photoluminescence properties of CaTiO3:Pr3+,” Mater. Lett.60(3), 326–329 (2006). [CrossRef]

Mater. Res. Bull.

T. Wanjun and C. Donghua, “Photoluminescence properties Pr3+ and Bi3+-codoped CaTiO3 phosphor prepared by a peroxide-based route,” Mater. Res. Bull.44(4), 836–839 (2009). [CrossRef]
X. M. Zhang, C. Y. Cao, C. H. Zhang, S. Y. Xie, G. W. Xu, J. H. Zhang, and X. J. Wang, “Photoluminescence and energy storage traps in CatiO3:Pr3+,” Mater. Res. Bull.45(12), 1832–1836 (2010). [CrossRef]

Nat. Chem.

M. H. Yang, J. Oró-Solé, J. A. Rodgers, A. B. Jorge, A. Fuertes, and J. P. Attfield, “Anion order in perovskite oxynitrides,” Nat. Chem.3(1), 47–52 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater. Express

E. H. Otal, A. E. Maegli, N. Vogel-Schauble, B. Walfort, H. Hagemann, S. Yoon, A. Zeller, and A. Weidenkaff, “The influence of defects formed by Ca excess and thermal post-treatments on the persistent luminescence of CaTiO3:Pr3+,” Opt. Mater. Express2(4), 405–412 (2012). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

T. Yamamoto, T. Mizoguchi, and I. Tanaka, “Core-hole effect on dipolar and quadrupolar transitions of SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 at Ti-k edge,” Phys. Rev. B71(24), 245113 (2005). [CrossRef]
N. J. Cockroft and J. C. Wright, “Local- and distant-charge compensation of Eu3+ ions in defect centers of SrTiO3,” Phys. Rev. B45(17), 9642–9655 (1992). [CrossRef]
A. Bussmann-Holder, A. R. Bishop, and G. Benedek, “Quasiharmonic periodic traveling-wave solutions in anharmonic potentials,” Phys. Rev. B53(17), 11521–11530 (1996). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter

M. Stachiotti, A. Dobry, R. Migoni, and A. Bussmann-Holder, “Crossover from a displacive to an order-disorder transition in the nonlinear-polarizability model,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter47(5), 2473–2479 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

E. A. Stern, “Character of order-disorder and displacive components in barium titanate,” Phys. Rev. Lett.93(3), 037601 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. I. Frenkel, D. Ehre, V. Lyahovitskaya, L. Kanner, E. Wachtel, and I. Lubomirsky, “Origin of polarity in amorphous SrTiO3.,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(21), 215502 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Status. Solidi A

P. T. Diallo, P. Boutinaud, R. Mahiou, and J. C. Cousseins, “Red luminescence in Pr3+-doped calcium titanates,” Phys. Status. Solidi A160(1), 255–263 (1997). [CrossRef]

Physica B

J. Rodríguez-Carvajal, “Recent advances in magnetic-structure determination by neutron powder diffraction,” Physica B192(1–2), 55–69 (1993). [CrossRef]
A. Zhu, J. Wang, D. Zhao, and Y. Du, “Native defects and Pr impurities in orthorhombic CaTiO3 by first-principles calculations,” Physica B406(13), 2697–2702 (2011). [CrossRef]
X. M. Zhang, C. Y. Cao, C. H. Zhang, L. Chen, J. H. Jia, and X. J. Wang, “Improved photoluminescence and afterglow in CaTiO3:Pr3+ with addition of nanosized SiO2,” Physica B406(20), 3891–3895 (2011). [CrossRef]

Proc. Phys. Soc.

A. R. Stokes and A. J. C. Wilson, “The diffraction of x-rays by distorted crystal aggregates,” Proc. Phys. Soc.56(3), 174–181 (1944). [CrossRef]

Prog. Solid State Chem.

S. G. Ebbinghaus, H. P. Abicht, R. Dronskowski, T. Muller, A. Reller, and A. Weidenkaff, “Perovskite-related oxynitrides—recent developments in synthesis, characterisation and investigations of physical properties,” Prog. Solid State Chem.37(2–3), 173–205 (2009). [CrossRef]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, “Reevaluation of x-ray atomic energy levels,” Rev. Mod. Phys.39(1), 125–142 (1967). [CrossRef]

Solid State Commun.

U. Balachandran and N. G. Eror, “Laser-induced Raman-scattering in calcium titanate,” Solid State Commun.44(6), 815–818 (1982). [CrossRef]
W. Y. Jia, W. L. Xu, I. Rivera, A. Perez, and F. Fernandez, “Effects of compositional phase transitions on luminescence of Sr1-xCaxTiO3:Pr3+,” Solid State Commun.126(3), 153–157 (2003). [CrossRef]

Solid State Sci.

V. S. Marques, L. S. Cavalcante, J. C. Sczancoski, D. P. Volanti, J. W. M. Espinosa, M. R. Joya, M. R. M. C. Santos, P. S. Pizani, J. A. Varela, and E. Longo, “Influence of microwave energy on structural and photoluminescent behavior of CaTiO3 powders,” Solid State Sci.10(8), 1056–1061 (2008). [CrossRef]

2012, Otal, Opt. Mater. Express
2011, Yang, Nat. Chem.
2011, Maegli, J. Solid State Chem.
2011, Zhu, Physica B
2011, Zhang, Physica B
2010, Zhang, Mater. Res. Bull.
2010, Fuertes, Dalton Trans.
2010, Tsao, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
2009, Ebbinghaus, Prog. Solid State Chem.
2009, Wanjun, Mater. Res. Bull.
2009, Boutinaud, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
2009, Fujiwara, J. Lumin.
2009, Kuznetsov, J. Phys. Chem. C
2008, Maeda, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.
2008, Marques, Solid State Sci.
2007, Frenkel, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2007, Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2007, Zhang, Chem. Phys. Lett.
2007, Yin, J. Mater. Sci.
2007, Wanjun, J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
2007, Lü, J. Mater. Sci.
2006, Haranath, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
2006, Tang, Mater. Lett.
2006, Jia, J. Lumin.
2005, Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. B
2005, Boutinaud, J. Lumin.
2004, Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2004, Modrow, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.
2004, Pinel, J. Alloy. Comp.
2003, Jia, Solid State Commun.
2003, Zheng, J. Appl. Phys.
2002, Lin, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1998, Luca, J. Phys. Chem. B
1998, Vedrinskii, J. Phys. Condens. Matter
1998, Ressler, J. Synchrotron Radiat.
1997, Diallo, Phys. Status. Solidi A
1996, Matsuzawa, J. Electrochem. Soc.
1996, Hirata, J. Solid State Chem.
1996, Bussmann-Holder, Phys. Rev. B
1994, Vecht, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
1993, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Physica B
1993, Stachiotti, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter
1992, Cockroft, Phys. Rev. B
1987, Thompson, J. Appl. Cryst.
1987, Smets, Mater. Chem. Phys.
1982, Balachandran, Solid State Commun.
1967, Bearden, Rev. Mod. Phys.
1944, Stokes, Proc. Phys. Soc.

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