Optimization of nonlinear optical properties of ZnO micro and nanocrystals for biophotonics

doi:10.1364/OME.1.000658

Optimization of nonlinear optical properties of ZnO micro and nanocrystals for biophotonics

Ben E. Urban, Jie Lin, Os Kumar, Kasilingam Senthilkumar, Yasuhisa Fujita, and Arup Neogi »View Author Affiliations

Optical Materials Express, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 658-669 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.1.000658

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Abstract

The defect and impurity states in ZnO nanocrystals synthesized using the plasma arc technique can be modified to optimize the nonlinear optical properties for optoelectronic and biophotonic applications. Highly efficient second harmonic signals over a wide range of near-infrared wavelengths, spanning from 735 nm-980 nm, has been observed and can be used in biological imaging. The use of further high energy excitation ranging from 700 nm-755 nm leads to two-photon absorption and yields broadband two photon emission extending from the 370 nm-450 nm wavelength regime which can be useful for therapeutic applications.

OCIS Codes
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
(180.4315) Microscopy : Nonlinear microscopy

ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optical Materials

History
Original Manuscript: June 24, 2011
Revised Manuscript: July 12, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: July 12, 2011
Published: July 21, 2011

Citation
Ben E. Urban, Jie Lin, Os Kumar, Kasilingam Senthilkumar, Yasuhisa Fujita, and Arup Neogi, "Optimization of nonlinear optical properties of ZnO micro and nanocrystals for biophotonics," Opt. Mater. Express 1, 658-669 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ome/abstract.cfm?URI=ome-1-4-658

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References

S. John, S. Marpu, J. Li, M. Omary, Z. Hu, Y. Fujita, and A. Neogi, “Hybrid zinc oxide nanoparticles for biophotonics,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(3), 1707–1712 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. V. Kachynski, A. N. Kuzmin, M. Nyk, I. Roy, and P. N. Prasad, “Zinc oxide nanocrystals for nonresonant nonlinear optical microscopy,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(29), 10721–10724 (2008). [CrossRef]
E. S. P. Leong, S. F. Yu, and S. P. Lau, “Directional edge-emitting UV random laser diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(22), 221109 (2006). [CrossRef]
U. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S. J. Cho, and H. Morkoc, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. V. Foreman, H. O. Everitt, J. Yang, T. McNicholas, and J. Liu, “Effects of reabsorption and spatial trap distributions on the radiative quantum efficiencies of ZnO,” Phys. Rev. B 81(11), 115318 (2010). [CrossRef]
Y. L. Wu, S. Fu, A. I. Y. Tok, X. T. Zeng, C. S. Lim, L. C. Kwek, and F. C. Y. Boey, “A dual-colored bio-marker made of doped ZnO nanocrystals,” Nanotechnology 19(34), 345605 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Voss, I. Kudyk, L. Wischmeier, and J. Gutowski, “Nonlinear optics with ZnO nanowires,” Phys. Status Solidi B 246(2), 311–314 (2009). [CrossRef]
P. Pantazis, J. Maloney, D. Wu, and S. E. Fraser, “Second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes for in vivo imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33), 14535–14540 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Zhang, F. Zhang, T. Xia, N. Kumar, J. I. Hahm, J. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and J. Xu, “Low-threshold two-photon pumped ZnO nanowire lasers,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7893–7900 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Senthilkumar, M. Tokunaga, H. Okamoto, O. Senthilkumar, J. Lin, B. Urban, A. Neogi, and Y. Fujita, “Multiphonon scattering and non-radiative decay in ZnO nanoparticles,” Phys. Status Solidi C 7(6), 1586–1588 (2010). [CrossRef]
K. Senthilkumar, M. Tokunaga, H. Okamoto, O. Senthilkumar, and Y. Fujita, “Hydrogen related defect complexes in ZnO nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(9), 091907 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. Zeng, G. Duan, Y. Li, S. Yang, X. Xu, and W. Cai, “Blue luminescence of ZnO nanoparticles based on non-equillibrium processes: Defect origins and emission controls,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(4), 561–572 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. D. McCluskey, S. J. Jokela, and W. M. Hlaing Oo, “Hydrogen donors in ZnO,” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (2005), Vol. 864, pp. E10.4.1–E10.4.10.
B. K. Meyer, H. Alves, D. M. Hofmann, W. Kriegseis, D. Forster, F. Bertram, J. Christen, A. Hoffmann, M. Straßburg, M. Dworzak, U. Haboeck, and A. V. Rodina, “Bound exciton and donor–acceptor pair recombinations in ZnO,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 241(2), 231–260 (2004). [CrossRef]
T. M. Bo̸rseth, B. G. Svensson, A. Y. Kuznetsov, P. Klason, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, “Identification of oxygen and zinc vacancy optical signals in ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(26), 262112 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. Zubiaga, J. A. García, F. Plazaola, F. Tuomisto, K. Saarinen, J. Zuñiga Pérez, and V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, “Correlation between Zn vacancies and photoluminescence emission in ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(5), 053516 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. G. Wardle, J. P. Goss, and P. R. Briddon, “Theory of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and their complexes with hydrogen in ZnO,” Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 155108 (2005). [CrossRef]
K. Ip, M. E. Overberg, Y. W. Heo, D. P. Norton, S. J. Pearton, C. E. Stutz, S. O. Kucheyev, C. Jagadish, J. S. Williams, B. Luo, F. Ren, D. C. Look, and J. M. Zavada, “Hydrogen incorporation, diffusivity and evolution in bulk ZnO,” Solid-State Electron. 47(12), 2255–2259 (2003). [CrossRef]
J. Bang and K. J. Chang, “Atomic structure and diffusion of hydrogen in ZnO,” J. Korean Phys. Soc. 55(1), 98–102 (2009). [CrossRef]
F. Oba, A. Togo, I. Tanaka, J. Paier, and G. Kresse, “Defect energetics in ZnO: a hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional study,” Phys. Rev. B 77(24), 245202 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. Yang, X. Liu, L. Yang, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Lang, M. Gao, and B. Feng, “Effects of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles,” J. Alloy. Comp. 477(1-2), 632–635 (2009). [CrossRef]
P. Singh, A. Kumar, A. Kaushal, D. Kaur, A. Pandey, and R. N. Goyal, “In situ high temperature XRD studies of ZnO nanopowder prepared via cost effective ultrasonic mist chemical vapour deposition,” Bull. Mater. Sci. 31(3), 573–577 (2008). [CrossRef]

Alivov, Y. I.
Alves, H.
Avrutin, V.
Bang, J.
Bertram, F.
Bo?rseth, T. M.
Boey, F. C. Y.
Briddon, P. R.
Cai, W.
Chang, K. J.
Cho, S. J.
Christen, J.
Dogan, S.
Duan, G.
Dworzak, M.
Everitt, H. O.
Feng, B.
Foreman, J. V.
Forster, D.
Fraser, S. E.
Fu, S.
Fujita, Y.
Gao, M.
García, J. A.
Goss, J. P.
Goyal, R. N.
Gutowski, J.
Haboeck, U.
Hahm, J. I.
Heo, Y. W.
Hoffmann, A.
Hofmann, D. M.
Hu, Z.
Ip, K.
Jagadish, C.
John, S.
Kachynski, A. V.
Kaur, D.
Kaushal, A.
Klason, P.
Kresse, G.
Kriegseis, W.
Kucheyev, S. O.
Kudyk, I.
Kumar, A.
Kumar, N.
Kuzmin, A. N.
Kuznetsov, A. Y.
Kwek, L. C.
Lang, J.
Lau, S. P.
Leong, E. S. P.
Li, J.
Li, Y.
Lim, C. S.
Lin, J.
Liu, C.
Liu, J.
Liu, X.
Look, D. C.
Luo, B.
Maloney, J.
Marpu, S.
McNicholas, T.
Meyer, B. K.
Morkoc, H.
Muñoz-Sanjosé, V.
Neogi, A.
Norton, D. P.
Nyk, M.
Oba, F.
Okamoto, H.
Omary, M.
Overberg, M. E.
Özgür, U.
Paier, J.
Pandey, A.
Pantazis, P.
Pearton, S. J.
Plazaola, F.
Prasad, P. N.
Ren, F.
Reshchikov, M. A.
Rodina, A. V.
Roy, I.
Saarinen, K.
Senthilkumar, K.
Senthilkumar, O.
Singh, P.
Straßburg, M.
Stutz, C. E.
Svensson, B. G.
Tanaka, I.
Teke, A.
Togo, A.
Tok, A. I. Y.
Tokunaga, M.
Tuomisto, F.
Urban, B.
Voss, T.
Wang, Y.
Wang, Z. L.
Wardle, M. G.
Willander, M.
Williams, J. S.
Wischmeier, L.
Wu, D.
Wu, Y. L.
Xia, T.
Xu, J.
Xu, X.
Yang, J.
Yang, L.
Yang, S.
Yu, S. F.
Zavada, J. M.
Zeng, H.
Zeng, X. T.
Zhang, C.
Zhang, F.
Zhang, Y.
Zhao, Q. X.
Zubiaga, A.
Zuñiga Pérez, J.

Adv. Funct. Mater.

H. Zeng, G. Duan, Y. Li, S. Yang, X. Xu, and W. Cai, “Blue luminescence of ZnO nanoparticles based on non-equillibrium processes: Defect origins and emission controls,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(4), 561–572 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

K. Senthilkumar, M. Tokunaga, H. Okamoto, O. Senthilkumar, and Y. Fujita, “Hydrogen related defect complexes in ZnO nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(9), 091907 (2010). [CrossRef]
T. M. Bo̸rseth, B. G. Svensson, A. Y. Kuznetsov, P. Klason, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, “Identification of oxygen and zinc vacancy optical signals in ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(26), 262112 (2006). [CrossRef]
E. S. P. Leong, S. F. Yu, and S. P. Lau, “Directional edge-emitting UV random laser diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(22), 221109 (2006). [CrossRef]

Bull. Mater. Sci.

P. Singh, A. Kumar, A. Kaushal, D. Kaur, A. Pandey, and R. N. Goyal, “In situ high temperature XRD studies of ZnO nanopowder prepared via cost effective ultrasonic mist chemical vapour deposition,” Bull. Mater. Sci. 31(3), 573–577 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Alloy. Comp.

J. Yang, X. Liu, L. Yang, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Lang, M. Gao, and B. Feng, “Effects of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles,” J. Alloy. Comp. 477(1-2), 632–635 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

U. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S. J. Cho, and H. Morkoc, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
A. Zubiaga, J. A. García, F. Plazaola, F. Tuomisto, K. Saarinen, J. Zuñiga Pérez, and V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, “Correlation between Zn vacancies and photoluminescence emission in ZnO films,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(5), 053516 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

J. Bang and K. J. Chang, “Atomic structure and diffusion of hydrogen in ZnO,” J. Korean Phys. Soc. 55(1), 98–102 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

S. John, S. Marpu, J. Li, M. Omary, Z. Hu, Y. Fujita, and A. Neogi, “Hybrid zinc oxide nanoparticles for biophotonics,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(3), 1707–1712 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. Chem. C

A. V. Kachynski, A. N. Kuzmin, M. Nyk, I. Roy, and P. N. Prasad, “Zinc oxide nanocrystals for nonresonant nonlinear optical microscopy,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(29), 10721–10724 (2008). [CrossRef]

Nanotechnology

Y. L. Wu, S. Fu, A. I. Y. Tok, X. T. Zeng, C. S. Lim, L. C. Kwek, and F. C. Y. Boey, “A dual-colored bio-marker made of doped ZnO nanocrystals,” Nanotechnology 19(34), 345605 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

C. Zhang, F. Zhang, T. Xia, N. Kumar, J. I. Hahm, J. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and J. Xu, “Low-threshold two-photon pumped ZnO nanowire lasers,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7893–7900 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. B

J. V. Foreman, H. O. Everitt, J. Yang, T. McNicholas, and J. Liu, “Effects of reabsorption and spatial trap distributions on the radiative quantum efficiencies of ZnO,” Phys. Rev. B 81(11), 115318 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. G. Wardle, J. P. Goss, and P. R. Briddon, “Theory of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and their complexes with hydrogen in ZnO,” Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 155108 (2005). [CrossRef]
F. Oba, A. Togo, I. Tanaka, J. Paier, and G. Kresse, “Defect energetics in ZnO: a hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional study,” Phys. Rev. B 77(24), 245202 (2008). [CrossRef]

Phys. Status Solidi B

T. Voss, I. Kudyk, L. Wischmeier, and J. Gutowski, “Nonlinear optics with ZnO nanowires,” Phys. Status Solidi B 246(2), 311–314 (2009). [CrossRef]

Phys. Status Solidi C

K. Senthilkumar, M. Tokunaga, H. Okamoto, O. Senthilkumar, J. Lin, B. Urban, A. Neogi, and Y. Fujita, “Multiphonon scattering and non-radiative decay in ZnO nanoparticles,” Phys. Status Solidi C 7(6), 1586–1588 (2010). [CrossRef]

Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res.

B. K. Meyer, H. Alves, D. M. Hofmann, W. Kriegseis, D. Forster, F. Bertram, J. Christen, A. Hoffmann, M. Straßburg, M. Dworzak, U. Haboeck, and A. V. Rodina, “Bound exciton and donor–acceptor pair recombinations in ZnO,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 241(2), 231–260 (2004). [CrossRef]

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

P. Pantazis, J. Maloney, D. Wu, and S. E. Fraser, “Second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes for in vivo imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33), 14535–14540 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Solid-State Electron.

K. Ip, M. E. Overberg, Y. W. Heo, D. P. Norton, S. J. Pearton, C. E. Stutz, S. O. Kucheyev, C. Jagadish, J. S. Williams, B. Luo, F. Ren, D. C. Look, and J. M. Zavada, “Hydrogen incorporation, diffusivity and evolution in bulk ZnO,” Solid-State Electron. 47(12), 2255–2259 (2003). [CrossRef]

Other

M. D. McCluskey, S. J. Jokela, and W. M. Hlaing Oo, “Hydrogen donors in ZnO,” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (2005), Vol. 864, pp. E10.4.1–E10.4.10.

2010, John, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
2010, Foreman, Phys. Rev. B
2010, Pantazis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
2010, Senthilkumar, Phys. Status Solidi C
2010, Senthilkumar, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2010, Zeng, Adv. Funct. Mater.
2009, Zhang, Opt. Express
2009, Bang, J. Korean Phys. Soc.
2009, Yang, J. Alloy. Comp.
2009, Voss, Phys. Status Solidi B
2008, Singh, Bull. Mater. Sci.
2008, Oba, Phys. Rev. B
2008, Wu, Nanotechnology
2008, Kachynski, J. Phys. Chem. C
2006, Leong, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2006, Bo?rseth, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2006, Zubiaga, J. Appl. Phys.
2005, Wardle, Phys. Rev. B
2005, Özgür, J. Appl. Phys.
2004, Meyer, Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res.
2003, Ip, Solid-State Electron.

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