Tellurium based glasses have been studied for their optical properties in the far infrared region. New glasses, in the system Ge-Te-AgI, present a very good thermal stability. Indeed, for the first time, no obvious crystallization peak is observed in tellurium based glasses. Then, fibers have been drawn showing interesting optical losses and quite large transmission in the mid-infrared. So, these glasses are good candidates for the elaboration of single mode fibers able to detect the CO₂ signature at 15µm for the ESA Darwin project.

© 2012 OSA

1. A. Canciamilla, S. Grillanda, F. Morichetti, C. Ferrari, J. Hu, J. D. Musgraves, K. Richardson, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, and A. Melloni, “Photo-induced trimming of coupled ring-resonator filters and delay lines in As2S3 chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Lett.36(20), 4002–4004 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. M. F. Churbanov, V. S. Shiryaev, V. V. Gerasimenko, A. A. Pushkin, I. V. Skripachev, G. E. Snopatin, and V. G. Plotnichenko, “Stability of the optical and mechanical properties of chalcogenide fibers,” Inorg. Mater.38(10), 1063–1068 (2002). [CrossRef]
3. B. J. Eggleton, B. Luther-Davies, and K. Richardson, “Chalcogenide photonics,” Nat. Photonics5, 141–148 (2011).
4. G. R. Elliott, D. W. Hewak, G. S. Murugan, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Chalcogenide glass microspheres; their production, characterization and potential,” Opt. Express15(26), 17542–17553 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. L. Petit, N. Carlie, A. Humeau, G. Boudebs, H. Jain, A. C. Miller, and K. Richardson, “Correlation between the nonlinear refractive index and structure of germanium-based chalcogenide glasses,” Mater. Res. Bull.42(12), 2107–2116 (2007). [CrossRef]
6. J. Troles, Q. Coulombier, G. Canat, M. Duhant, W. Renard, P. Toupin, L. Calvez, G. Renversez, F. Smektala, M. El Amraoui, J. L. Adam, T. Chartier, D. Mechin, and L. Brilland, “Low loss microstructured chalcogenide fibers for large non linear effects at 1995 nm,” Opt. Express18(25), 26647–26654 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. C. Conseil, Q. Coulombier, C. Boussard-Plédel, J. Troles, L. Brilland, G. Renversez, D. Mechin, B. Bureau, J. L. Adam, and J. Lucas, “Chalcogenide step index and microstructured single mode fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2480–2483 (2011). [CrossRef]
8. J. S. Sanghera, C. M. Florea, L. B. Shaw, P. Pureza, V. Q. Nguyen, M. Bashkansky, Z. Dutton, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Non-linear properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids354(2-9), 462–467 (2008). [CrossRef]
9. M. F. Churbanov, G. E. Snopatin, V. S. Shiryaev, V. G. Plotnichenko, and E. M. Dianov, “Recent advances in preparation of high-purity glasses based on arsenic chalcogenides for fiber optics,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2352–2357 (2011). [CrossRef]
10. L. Calvez, H. L. Ma, J. Lucas, and X. H. Zhang, “Glasses and glass-ceramics based on GeSe2-Sb2Se3 and halides for far infrared transmission,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids354(12-13), 1123–1127 (2008). [CrossRef]
11. V. Balan, C. Vigreux, A. Pradel, and M. Ribes, “Waveguides based upon chalcogenide glasses,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.3, 367–372 (2001).
12. Y. Ledemi, B. Bureau, L. Calvez, M. L. Floch, M. Rozé, C. Lin, X. H. Zhang, M. Allix, G. Matzen, and Y. Messaddeq, “Structural Investigations of Glass Ceramics in the Ga2S-GeS2-CsCl System,” J. Phys. Chem. B113(44), 14574–14580 (2009). [CrossRef]
13. A. Barth, “Infrared spectroscopy of proteins,” Bioenergetics1767(9), 1073–1101 (2007). [CrossRef]
14. J. S. Sanghera and I. D. Aggarwal, “Active and passive chalcogenide glass optical fibers for IR applications: a review,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids256–257, 6–16 (1999). [CrossRef]
15. M.-L. Anne, C. Le Lan, V. Monbet, C. Boussard-Plédel, M. Ropert, O. Sire, M. Pouchard, C. Jard, J. Lucas, J. L. Adam, P. Brissot, B. Bureau, and O. Loréal, “Fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy using the mid-infrared provides useful fingerprints for metabolic profiling in humans,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(5), 054033 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. J. Keirsse, E. Lahaye, A. Bouter, V. Dupont, C. Boussard-Plédel, B. Bureau, J.-L. Adam, V. Monbet, and O. Sire, “Mapping bacterial surface population physiology in real-time: infrared spectroscopy of Proteus mirabilis swarm colonies,” Appl. Spectrosc.60(6), 584–591 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. M. R. Riley, D. DeRosa, J. Blaine, B. G. Potter, P. Lucas, D. Le Coq, C. Juncker, D. E. Boesewetter, J. M. Collier, C. Boussard-Plédel, and B. Bureau, “Biologically inspired sensing: infrared spectroscopic analysis of cell responses to an inhalation health hazard,” Biotechnol. Prog.22(1), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. S. Hocdé, O. Loréal, O. Sire, C. Boussard-Plédel, B. Bureau, B. Turlin, J. Keirsse, P. Leroyer, and J. Lucas, “Metabolic imaging of tissues by infrared fiber-optic spectroscopy: an efficient tool for medical diagnosis,” J. Biomed. Opt.9(2), 404–407 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. S. Hocdé, C. Boussard-Plédel, G. Fonteneau, and J. Lucas, “Chalcogens based glasses for IR fiber chemical sensors,” Solid State Sci.3(3), 279–284 (2001). [CrossRef]
20. DIAFIR, p. Rennes Atalante Beaulieu Pépinière Gallium 80 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes 35700 RENNES FRANCE.
21. F. Charpentier, B. Bureau, J. Troles, C. Boussard-Plédel, K. Michel-Le Pierrès, F. Smektala, and J.-L. Adam, “Infrared monitoring of underground CO2 storage using chalcogenide glass fibers,” Opt. Mater.31(3), 496–500 (2009). [CrossRef]
22. A. Léger, “Strategies for remote detection of life--DARWIN-IRSI and TPF missions,” Adv. Space Res.25(11), 2209–2223 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. A. Léger, J. M. Mariotti, B. Mennesson, M. Ollivier, J. L. Puget, D. Rouan, and J. Schneider, “Could we search for primitive life on extrasolar planets in the near future?” Icarus123(2), 249–255 (1996). [CrossRef]
24. N. Yamada, E. Ohno, K. Nishiuchi, N. Akahira, and M. Takao, “Rapid-phase transitions of GeTe-Sb2Te3 pseudobinary amorphous thin films for an optical disk memory,” J. Appl. Phys.69(5), 2849–2856 (1991). [CrossRef]
25. J. Lucas and X. H. Zhang, “The tellurium halide glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids125(1-2), 1–16 (1990). [CrossRef]
26. S. Danto, P. Houizot, C. Boussard-Pledel, X. H. Zhang, F. Smektala, and J. Lucas, “A Family of Far-infrared-transmitting glasses in the Ga–Ge–Te system for space applications,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(14), 1847–1852 (2006). [CrossRef]
27. A. A. Wilhelm, C. Boussard-Plédel, Q. Coulombier, J. Lucas, B. Bureau, and P. Lucas, “Development of far-infrared-transmitting Te based glasses suitable for carbon dioxide detection and space optics,” Adv. Mater.19(22), 3796–3800 (2007). [CrossRef]
28. S. Maurugeon, B. Bureau, C. Boussard-Plédel, A. J. Faber, X. H. Zhang, W. Geliesen, and J. Lucas, “Te-rich Ge-Te-Se glass for the CO2 infrared detection at 15µm,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids355(37-42), 2074–2078 (2009). [CrossRef]
29. S. Maurugeon, B. Bureau, C. Boussard-Plédel, A. J. Faber, P. Lucas, X. H. Zhang, and J. Lucas, “Selenium modified GeTe4 based glasses optical fibers for far-infrared sensing,” Opt. Mater.33(4), 660–663 (2011). [CrossRef]
30. K. Ramesh, S. Asokan, K. S. Sangunni, and E. S. R. Gopal, “Glass formation in germanium telluride glasses containing metallic additives,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids61(1), 95–101 (2000). [CrossRef]
31. S. Dai, G. Wang, Q. Nie, X. Wang, X. Shen, T. Xu, L. Ying, J. Sun, K. Bai, X. Zhang, and J. Heo, “Effect of CuI on the formation and properties of Te-based far infrared transmitting chalcogenide glasses,” Infrared Phys. Technol.53(5), 392–395 (2010). [CrossRef]
32. Q. Nie, G. Wang, X. Wang, S. Dai, S. Deng, T. Xu, and X. Shen, “Glass formation and properties of GeTe4-Ga2Te3-AgX (X=I/Br/Cl) far infrared transmitting chalcohalide glasses,” Opt. Commun.283(20), 4004–4007 (2010). [CrossRef]
33. X. Wang, Q. Nie, G. Wang, J. Sun, B. Song, S. Dai, X. Zhang, B. Bureau, C. Boussard, C. Conseil, and H. Ma, “Investigations of Ge-Te-AgI chalcogenide glass for far-infrared application,” Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.86, 586–589 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. I. Karakaya and W. T. Thompson, “The Ag-Te (silver-tellurium) system,” J. Phase Equilibria12(1), 56–63 (1991). [CrossRef]
35. W. Gierlotka, “Thermodynamic assessment of the Ag-Te binary system,” J. Alloy. Comp.485(1-2), 231–235 (2009). [CrossRef]
36. M. Rozé, L. Calvez, J. Rollin, P. Gallais, J. Lonnoy, S. Ollivier, M. Guilloux-Viry, and X. H. Zhang, “Optical properties of free arsenic and broadband infrared chalcogenide glass,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.98(1), 97–101 (2010). [CrossRef]
37. J. Nishii, S. Morimoto, I. Inagawa, R. Iizuka, T. Yamashita, and T. Yamagishi, “Recent advances and trends in chalcogenide glass-fiber technology - a review,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids140, 199–208 (1992). [CrossRef]

Adv. Funct. Mater.

• S. Danto, P. Houizot, C. Boussard-Pledel, X. H. Zhang, F. Smektala, and J. Lucas, “A Family of Far-infrared-transmitting glasses in the Ga–Ge–Te system for space applications,” Adv. Funct. Mater.16(14), 1847–1852 (2006). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater.

• A. A. Wilhelm, C. Boussard-Plédel, Q. Coulombier, J. Lucas, B. Bureau, and P. Lucas, “Development of far-infrared-transmitting Te based glasses suitable for carbon dioxide detection and space optics,” Adv. Mater.19(22), 3796–3800 (2007). [CrossRef]

Adv. Space Res.

• A. Léger, “Strategies for remote detection of life--DARWIN-IRSI and TPF missions,” Adv. Space Res.25(11), 2209–2223 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.

• M. Rozé, L. Calvez, J. Rollin, P. Gallais, J. Lonnoy, S. Ollivier, M. Guilloux-Viry, and X. H. Zhang, “Optical properties of free arsenic and broadband infrared chalcogenide glass,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.98(1), 97–101 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Spectrosc.

• J. Keirsse, E. Lahaye, A. Bouter, V. Dupont, C. Boussard-Plédel, B. Bureau, J.-L. Adam, V. Monbet, and O. Sire, “Mapping bacterial surface population physiology in real-time: infrared spectroscopy of Proteus mirabilis swarm colonies,” Appl. Spectrosc.60(6), 584–591 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Bioenergetics

• A. Barth, “Infrared spectroscopy of proteins,” Bioenergetics1767(9), 1073–1101 (2007). [CrossRef]

Biotechnol. Prog.

• M. R. Riley, D. DeRosa, J. Blaine, B. G. Potter, P. Lucas, D. Le Coq, C. Juncker, D. E. Boesewetter, J. M. Collier, C. Boussard-Plédel, and B. Bureau, “Biologically inspired sensing: infrared spectroscopic analysis of cell responses to an inhalation health hazard,” Biotechnol. Prog.22(1), 24–31 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Icarus

• A. Léger, J. M. Mariotti, B. Mennesson, M. Ollivier, J. L. Puget, D. Rouan, and J. Schneider, “Could we search for primitive life on extrasolar planets in the near future?” Icarus123(2), 249–255 (1996). [CrossRef]

Infrared Phys. Technol.

• S. Dai, G. Wang, Q. Nie, X. Wang, X. Shen, T. Xu, L. Ying, J. Sun, K. Bai, X. Zhang, and J. Heo, “Effect of CuI on the formation and properties of Te-based far infrared transmitting chalcogenide glasses,” Infrared Phys. Technol.53(5), 392–395 (2010). [CrossRef]

Inorg. Mater.

• M. F. Churbanov, V. S. Shiryaev, V. V. Gerasimenko, A. A. Pushkin, I. V. Skripachev, G. E. Snopatin, and V. G. Plotnichenko, “Stability of the optical and mechanical properties of chalcogenide fibers,” Inorg. Mater.38(10), 1063–1068 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Alloy. Comp.

• W. Gierlotka, “Thermodynamic assessment of the Ag-Te binary system,” J. Alloy. Comp.485(1-2), 231–235 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

• N. Yamada, E. Ohno, K. Nishiuchi, N. Akahira, and M. Takao, “Rapid-phase transitions of GeTe-Sb2Te3 pseudobinary amorphous thin films for an optical disk memory,” J. Appl. Phys.69(5), 2849–2856 (1991). [CrossRef]

J. Biomed. Opt.

• S. Hocdé, O. Loréal, O. Sire, C. Boussard-Plédel, B. Bureau, B. Turlin, J. Keirsse, P. Leroyer, and J. Lucas, “Metabolic imaging of tissues by infrared fiber-optic spectroscopy: an efficient tool for medical diagnosis,” J. Biomed. Opt.9(2), 404–407 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M.-L. Anne, C. Le Lan, V. Monbet, C. Boussard-Plédel, M. Ropert, O. Sire, M. Pouchard, C. Jard, J. Lucas, J. L. Adam, P. Brissot, B. Bureau, and O. Loréal, “Fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy using the mid-infrared provides useful fingerprints for metabolic profiling in humans,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(5), 054033 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids

• J. S. Sanghera and I. D. Aggarwal, “Active and passive chalcogenide glass optical fibers for IR applications: a review,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids256–257, 6–16 (1999). [CrossRef]
• C. Conseil, Q. Coulombier, C. Boussard-Plédel, J. Troles, L. Brilland, G. Renversez, D. Mechin, B. Bureau, J. L. Adam, and J. Lucas, “Chalcogenide step index and microstructured single mode fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2480–2483 (2011). [CrossRef]
• J. S. Sanghera, C. M. Florea, L. B. Shaw, P. Pureza, V. Q. Nguyen, M. Bashkansky, Z. Dutton, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Non-linear properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids354(2-9), 462–467 (2008). [CrossRef]
• M. F. Churbanov, G. E. Snopatin, V. S. Shiryaev, V. G. Plotnichenko, and E. M. Dianov, “Recent advances in preparation of high-purity glasses based on arsenic chalcogenides for fiber optics,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2352–2357 (2011). [CrossRef]
• L. Calvez, H. L. Ma, J. Lucas, and X. H. Zhang, “Glasses and glass-ceramics based on GeSe2-Sb2Se3 and halides for far infrared transmission,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids354(12-13), 1123–1127 (2008). [CrossRef]
• J. Lucas and X. H. Zhang, “The tellurium halide glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids125(1-2), 1–16 (1990). [CrossRef]
• S. Maurugeon, B. Bureau, C. Boussard-Plédel, A. J. Faber, X. H. Zhang, W. Geliesen, and J. Lucas, “Te-rich Ge-Te-Se glass for the CO2 infrared detection at 15µm,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids355(37-42), 2074–2078 (2009). [CrossRef]
• J. Nishii, S. Morimoto, I. Inagawa, R. Iizuka, T. Yamashita, and T. Yamagishi, “Recent advances and trends in chalcogenide glass-fiber technology - a review,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids140, 199–208 (1992). [CrossRef]

J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.

• V. Balan, C. Vigreux, A. Pradel, and M. Ribes, “Waveguides based upon chalcogenide glasses,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.3, 367–372 (2001).

J. Phase Equilibria

• I. Karakaya and W. T. Thompson, “The Ag-Te (silver-tellurium) system,” J. Phase Equilibria12(1), 56–63 (1991). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

• Y. Ledemi, B. Bureau, L. Calvez, M. L. Floch, M. Rozé, C. Lin, X. H. Zhang, M. Allix, G. Matzen, and Y. Messaddeq, “Structural Investigations of Glass Ceramics in the Ga2S-GeS2-CsCl System,” J. Phys. Chem. B113(44), 14574–14580 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. Solids

• K. Ramesh, S. Asokan, K. S. Sangunni, and E. S. R. Gopal, “Glass formation in germanium telluride glasses containing metallic additives,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids61(1), 95–101 (2000). [CrossRef]

Mater. Res. Bull.

• L. Petit, N. Carlie, A. Humeau, G. Boudebs, H. Jain, A. C. Miller, and K. Richardson, “Correlation between the nonlinear refractive index and structure of germanium-based chalcogenide glasses,” Mater. Res. Bull.42(12), 2107–2116 (2007). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photonics

• B. J. Eggleton, B. Luther-Davies, and K. Richardson, “Chalcogenide photonics,” Nat. Photonics5, 141–148 (2011).

Opt. Commun.

• Q. Nie, G. Wang, X. Wang, S. Dai, S. Deng, T. Xu, and X. Shen, “Glass formation and properties of GeTe4-Ga2Te3-AgX (X=I/Br/Cl) far infrared transmitting chalcohalide glasses,” Opt. Commun.283(20), 4004–4007 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• G. R. Elliott, D. W. Hewak, G. S. Murugan, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Chalcogenide glass microspheres; their production, characterization and potential,” Opt. Express15(26), 17542–17553 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Troles, Q. Coulombier, G. Canat, M. Duhant, W. Renard, P. Toupin, L. Calvez, G. Renversez, F. Smektala, M. El Amraoui, J. L. Adam, T. Chartier, D. Mechin, and L. Brilland, “Low loss microstructured chalcogenide fibers for large non linear effects at 1995 nm,” Opt. Express18(25), 26647–26654 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• A. Canciamilla, S. Grillanda, F. Morichetti, C. Ferrari, J. Hu, J. D. Musgraves, K. Richardson, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, and A. Melloni, “Photo-induced trimming of coupled ring-resonator filters and delay lines in As2S3 chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Lett.36(20), 4002–4004 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater.

• F. Charpentier, B. Bureau, J. Troles, C. Boussard-Plédel, K. Michel-Le Pierrès, F. Smektala, and J.-L. Adam, “Infrared monitoring of underground CO2 storage using chalcogenide glass fibers,” Opt. Mater.31(3), 496–500 (2009). [CrossRef]
• S. Maurugeon, B. Bureau, C. Boussard-Plédel, A. J. Faber, P. Lucas, X. H. Zhang, and J. Lucas, “Selenium modified GeTe4 based glasses optical fibers for far-infrared sensing,” Opt. Mater.33(4), 660–663 (2011). [CrossRef]

Solid State Sci.

• S. Hocdé, C. Boussard-Plédel, G. Fonteneau, and J. Lucas, “Chalcogens based glasses for IR fiber chemical sensors,” Solid State Sci.3(3), 279–284 (2001). [CrossRef]

Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.

• X. Wang, Q. Nie, G. Wang, J. Sun, B. Song, S. Dai, X. Zhang, B. Bureau, C. Boussard, C. Conseil, and H. Ma, “Investigations of Ge-Te-AgI chalcogenide glass for far-infrared application,” Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.86, 586–589 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• DIAFIR, p. Rennes Atalante Beaulieu Pépinière Gallium 80 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes 35700 RENNES FRANCE.

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