Formation speed and formation mechanism of self-written surface wave-based waveguides in photorefractive polymers

doi:10.1364/OME.2.000849

Formation speed and formation mechanism of self-written surface wave-based waveguides in photorefractive polymers

Takashi Fujihara, Shinsuke Umegaki, Masahiko Hara, and Takafumi Sassa »View Author Affiliations

Optical Materials Express, Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 849-855 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.2.000849

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Abstract
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References (15)
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Abstract

The formation speed of a self-written waveguide structure formed owing to the propagation of surface waves in a photorefractive polymer composite is measured. The formation speed linearly increases with the power of a laser beam. From the measurements of the dynamics of photorefractive grating and the photocurrent output of the polymer, it is revealed that the waveguide structure is formed by a single photorefractive grating, which is identical for the different power levels of the injected pump beam.

OCIS Codes
(160.5320) Materials : Photorefractive materials
(190.4710) Nonlinear optics : Optical nonlinearities in organic materials
(190.5940) Nonlinear optics : Self-action effects
(190.7070) Nonlinear optics : Two-wave mixing

ToC Category:
Photorefractive Materials

History
Original Manuscript: March 8, 2012
Revised Manuscript: May 14, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: May 20, 2012
Published: May 23, 2012

Citation
Takashi Fujihara, Shinsuke Umegaki, Masahiko Hara, and Takafumi Sassa, "Formation speed and formation mechanism of self-written surface wave-based waveguides in photorefractive polymers," Opt. Mater. Express 2, 849-855 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ome/abstract.cfm?URI=ome-2-6-849

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References

Z. Chen, M. Asaro, O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, “Self-trapping of light in an organic photorefractive glass,” Opt. Lett.28(24), 2509–2511 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Asaro, M. Sheldon, Z. Chen, O. Ostroverkhova, and W. E. Moerner, “Soliton-induced waveguides in an organic photorefractive glass,” Opt. Lett.30(5), 519–521 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. A. Kamshilin, E. Raita, and A. V. Khomenko, “Intensity redistribution in a thin photorefractive crystal caused by strong fanning effect and internal reflections,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B13(11), 2536–2543 (1996). [CrossRef]
V. Aleshkevich, Y. Kartashov, A. Egorov, and V. Vysloukh, “Stability and formation of localized surface waves at the dielectric—photorefractive crystal boundary,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.64(5), 056610 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. V. Lyubomudrov and V. V. Shkunov, “Self-bending specklons in photorefractive crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B11(8), 1403–1408 (1994). [CrossRef]
I. I. Smolyaninov, C. H. Lee, and C. C. Davis, “Giant enhancement of surface second harmonic generation in BaTiO3 due to photorefractive surface wave excitation,” Phys. Rev. Lett.83(12), 2429–2432 (1999). [CrossRef]
W. Shao, L. Li, W. Liu, T. Zhang, H. Ma, J. Xu, and J. Tian, “Tunable long-range surface plasmon polaritons taking advantage of nonlinear surface waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(21), 211105 (2009). [CrossRef]
E. Raita, A. A. Kamshilin, and T. Jaaskelainen, “Fast mutually pumped phase conjugation induced by a transient photorefractive surface wave,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B15(7), 2023–2031 (1998). [CrossRef]
T. Fujihara, T. Sassa, T. Muto, S. Umegaki, and T. Wada, “Surface waves in photorefractive polymer films,” Opt. Express17(16), 14150–14155 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. K. Ren, D. Y. Yang, T. H. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Zhou, J. G. Tian, and J. J. Xu, “Polymeric photorefractive surface waves,” Opt. Commun.283(19), 3792–3797 (2010). [CrossRef]
T. Sassa, T. Muto, T. Wada, Y. Takeda, T. Fujihara, and S. Umegaki, “Strongly electric-field-dependent spatial properties of fanning beam in polymeric medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(8), 084103 (2005). [CrossRef]
O. Ostroverkhova and W. E. Moerner, “Organic photorefractives: mechanisms, materials, and applications,” Chem. Rev.104(7), 3267–3314 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Bittner and K. Meerholz, “Amorphous organic photorefractiver materials,” in Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications, P. Gunter and J.-P. Huignard, eds. (Springer, New York, 2007), Vol. 2.
S. Matsushima and Y. Tomita, “Experimental investigation of the relationship between photorefractive and two-beam coupling response times,” Opt. Commun.128(4-6), 287–291 (1996). [CrossRef]
A. V. Khomenko, E. Nippolainen, A. A. Kamshilin, A. Zúñiga Segundo, and T. Jaaskelainen, “Leaky photorefractive surface waves in Bi12TiO20 and Bi12SiO20 crystals,” Opt. Commun.150(1-6), 175–179 (1998). [CrossRef]

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[1] Z. Chen, M. Asaro, O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, “Self-trapping of light in an organic photorefractive glass,” Opt. Lett.28(24), 2509–2511 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] M. Asaro, M. Sheldon, Z. Chen, O. Ostroverkhova, and W. E. Moerner, “Soliton-induced waveguides in an organic photorefractive glass,” Opt. Lett.30(5), 519–521 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] A. A. Kamshilin, E. Raita, and A. V. Khomenko, “Intensity redistribution in a thin photorefractive crystal caused by strong fanning effect and internal reflections,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B13(11), 2536–2543 (1996). [CrossRef]

[4] V. Aleshkevich, Y. Kartashov, A. Egorov, and V. Vysloukh, “Stability and formation of localized surface waves at the dielectric—photorefractive crystal boundary,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.64(5), 056610 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] O. V. Lyubomudrov and V. V. Shkunov, “Self-bending specklons in photorefractive crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B11(8), 1403–1408 (1994). [CrossRef]

[6] I. I. Smolyaninov, C. H. Lee, and C. C. Davis, “Giant enhancement of surface second harmonic generation in BaTiO3 due to photorefractive surface wave excitation,” Phys. Rev. Lett.83(12), 2429–2432 (1999). [CrossRef]

[7] W. Shao, L. Li, W. Liu, T. Zhang, H. Ma, J. Xu, and J. Tian, “Tunable long-range surface plasmon polaritons taking advantage of nonlinear surface waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(21), 211105 (2009). [CrossRef]

[8] E. Raita, A. A. Kamshilin, and T. Jaaskelainen, “Fast mutually pumped phase conjugation induced by a transient photorefractive surface wave,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B15(7), 2023–2031 (1998). [CrossRef]

[9] T. Fujihara, T. Sassa, T. Muto, S. Umegaki, and T. Wada, “Surface waves in photorefractive polymer films,” Opt. Express17(16), 14150–14155 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] X. K. Ren, D. Y. Yang, T. H. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Zhou, J. G. Tian, and J. J. Xu, “Polymeric photorefractive surface waves,” Opt. Commun.283(19), 3792–3797 (2010). [CrossRef]

[11] T. Sassa, T. Muto, T. Wada, Y. Takeda, T. Fujihara, and S. Umegaki, “Strongly electric-field-dependent spatial properties of fanning beam in polymeric medium,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(8), 084103 (2005). [CrossRef]

[12] O. Ostroverkhova and W. E. Moerner, “Organic photorefractives: mechanisms, materials, and applications,” Chem. Rev.104(7), 3267–3314 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] R. Bittner and K. Meerholz, “Amorphous organic photorefractiver materials,” in Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications, P. Gunter and J.-P. Huignard, eds. (Springer, New York, 2007), Vol. 2.

[14] S. Matsushima and Y. Tomita, “Experimental investigation of the relationship between photorefractive and two-beam coupling response times,” Opt. Commun.128(4-6), 287–291 (1996). [CrossRef]

[15] A. V. Khomenko, E. Nippolainen, A. A. Kamshilin, A. Zúñiga Segundo, and T. Jaaskelainen, “Leaky photorefractive surface waves in Bi12TiO20 and Bi12SiO20 crystals,” Opt. Commun.150(1-6), 175–179 (1998). [CrossRef]

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Formation speed and formation mechanism of self-written surface wave-based waveguides in photorefractive polymers