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Crystalline phase distribution of Dy2(MoO4)3 in glass induced by 250 kHz femtosecond laser irradiationMinjian Zhong, Yingying Du, Hongliang Ma, Yongmei Han, Bo Lu, Ye Dai, and Xianglong Zeng »View Author Affiliations
Minjian Zhong,1
Yingying Du,1
Hongliang Ma,1
Yongmei Han,1
Bo Lu,2
Ye Dai,1,2,*
and Xianglong Zeng3
1Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 2Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 3The Key Lab of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Network, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China *Corresponding author: yedai@shu.edu.cn |
Optical Materials Express, Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp. 1156-1164 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.2.001156
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Abstract
Spatial precipitation of Dy2(MoO4)3 crystal in the glass is achieved by using 800 nm, 250 kHz femtosecond laser. Micro-Raman spectra show that multiple crystalline phases of Dy2(MoO4)3 can be formed in femtosecond laser-modified region. Their distributions depend mainly on femtosecond laser-induced temperature field, which is asymmetric along the light propagation direction. This phenomenon results from an inhomogeneous intensity distribution of the incident pulse due to both of self-focusing effect and spherical aberration effect. Furthermore, the EPMA mapping demonstrates that the O element concentration is reduced in the center of the modified region, while the Mo element one increases. The composition change is according strongly with the phase transformation of Dy2(MoO4)3 crystal. The present study implies that the asymmetry of the temperature field is an important factor to influence the crystal precipitation.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.2750) Materials : Glass and other amorphous materials
(320.2250) Ultrafast optics : Femtosecond phenomena
(350.3390) Other areas of optics : Laser materials processing
ToC Category:
Laser Materials Processing
History
Original Manuscript: May 7, 2012
Revised Manuscript: July 21, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: July 26, 2012
Published: July 30, 2012
Citation
Minjian Zhong, Yingying Du, Hongliang Ma, Yongmei Han, Bo Lu, Ye Dai, and Xianglong Zeng, "Crystalline phase distribution of Dy2(MoO4)3 in glass induced by 250 kHz femtosecond laser irradiation," Opt. Mater. Express 2, 1156-1164 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ome/abstract.cfm?URI=ome-2-8-1156
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References
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- M. Abe, Y. Benino, T. Fujiwara, T. Komatsu, and R. Sato, “Writing of nonlinear optical Sm2(MoO4)3 crystal lines at the surface of glass by samarium atom heat processing,” J. Appl. Phys.97(12), 123516 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. P. Rajeev, M. Gertsvolf, E. Simova, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “Memory in nonlinear ionization of transparent solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(25), 253001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Unexpected influence of focal depth on nucleation during femtosecond laser crystallization of glass,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 990–995 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Formation of ferroelectric single-crystal architectures in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond vs. continuous-wave lasers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids356(52-54), 3059–3065 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Directionally controlled 3D ferroelectric single crystal growth in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express17(25), 23284–23289 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakakura, M. Shimizu, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Temperature distribution and modification mechanism inside glass with heat accumulation during 250 kHz irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(23), 231112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Miura, J. Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Space-selective growth of frequency-conversion crystals in glasses with ultrashort infrared laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.25(6), 408–410 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett.21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. P. Rajeev, M. Gertsvolf, E. Simova, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “Memory in nonlinear ionization of transparent solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(25), 253001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “High-resolution study of photoinduced modification in fused silica produced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam in the presence of aberrations,” J. Appl. Phys.98(1), 013517 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. Wang, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Synthesis and laser patterning of ferroelastic β′-RE2(MoO4)3 crystals (RE: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy) in rare-earth molybdenum borate glasses,” Mater. Chem. Phys.133(1), 118–125 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tsukada, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Corrected article: ‘Self-organized periodic domain structure for second harmonic generations in ferroelastic β′-(Sm, Gd)2(MoO4)3 crystal lines on glass surfaces [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041915 (2009)]’,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(5), 059901 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. Wang, X. Hu, Y. Dai, J. Qiu, Y. Cheng, and Z. Xu, “Formation mechanism of self-organized voids in dielectrics induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(9), 092904 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. M. Burakov, N. M. Bulgakova, R. Stoian, A. Mermillod-Blondin, E. Audouard, A. Rosenfeld, A. Husakou, and I. V. Hertel, “Spatial distribution of refractive index variations induced in bulk fused silica by single ultrashort and short laser pulses,” J. Appl. Phys.101(4), 043506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. Schaffer, “Ultrafast processes for bulk modification of transparent materials,” MRS Bull.31(08), 620–625 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Unexpected influence of focal depth on nucleation during femtosecond laser crystallization of glass,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 990–995 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Formation of ferroelectric single-crystal architectures in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond vs. continuous-wave lasers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids356(52-54), 3059–3065 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Directionally controlled 3D ferroelectric single crystal growth in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express17(25), 23284–23289 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Teng, B. Qian, N. Jiang, Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Ye, J. Zhou, B. Zhu, H. Zeng, and J. Qiu, “Light and heat driven precipitation of copper nanoparticles inside Cu2+-doped borate glasses,” Chem. Phys. Lett.485(1-3), 91–94 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Marcinkevičius, V. Mizeikis, S. Juodkazis, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Effect of refractive index-mismatch on laser microfabrication in silica glass,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(2), 257–260 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Kaminskii, “New room-temperature laser-diode pumped efficient quasi-cw and cw single-mode laser based on ferroelectric and ferroelastic Gd2(MoO4)3: Nd3+ crystal,” Phys. Status Solidi A149(2), K39–K42 (1995). [CrossRef]
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- Y. Teng, J. Zhou, F. Luo, G. Lin, and J. Qiu, “Controllable space selective precipitation of copper nanoparticles in borosilicate glasses using ultrafast laser irradiation,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2380–2383 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Teng, B. Qian, N. Jiang, Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Ye, J. Zhou, B. Zhu, H. Zeng, and J. Qiu, “Light and heat driven precipitation of copper nanoparticles inside Cu2+-doped borate glasses,” Chem. Phys. Lett.485(1-3), 91–94 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Teng, B. Qian, N. Jiang, Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Ye, J. Zhou, B. Zhu, H. Zeng, and J. Qiu, “Light and heat driven precipitation of copper nanoparticles inside Cu2+-doped borate glasses,” Chem. Phys. Lett.485(1-3), 91–94 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. Luo, B. Qian, G. Lin, J. Xu, Y. Liao, J. Song, H. Sun, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, Q. Zhao, and Z. Xu, “Redistribution of elements in glass induced by a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express18(6), 6262–6269 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Liu, B. Zhu, Y. Dai, X. Qiao, S. Ye, Y. Teng, Q. Guo, H. Ma, X. Fan, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser writing of Er3+-doped CaF2 crystalline patterns in glass,” Opt. Lett.34(21), 3433–3435 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Dai, H. Ma, B. Lu, B. Yu, B. Zhu, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser-induced oriented precipitation of Ba2TiGe2O8 crystals in glass,” Opt. Express16(6), 3912–3917 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Sakakura, M. Shimizu, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Temperature distribution and modification mechanism inside glass with heat accumulation during 250 kHz irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(23), 231112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. Wang, X. Hu, Y. Dai, J. Qiu, Y. Cheng, and Z. Xu, “Formation mechanism of self-organized voids in dielectrics induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(9), 092904 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tsukada, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Corrected article: ‘Self-organized periodic domain structure for second harmonic generations in ferroelastic β′-(Sm, Gd)2(MoO4)3 crystal lines on glass surfaces [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041915 (2009)]’,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(5), 059901 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.
- A. Marcinkevičius, V. Mizeikis, S. Juodkazis, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Effect of refractive index-mismatch on laser microfabrication in silica glass,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(2), 257–260 (2003). [CrossRef]
Chem. Phys. Lett.
- Y. Teng, B. Qian, N. Jiang, Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Ye, J. Zhou, B. Zhu, H. Zeng, and J. Qiu, “Light and heat driven precipitation of copper nanoparticles inside Cu2+-doped borate glasses,” Chem. Phys. Lett.485(1-3), 91–94 (2010). [CrossRef]
Chin. Phys. B
- Y. Dai, G. Yu, G. Wu, H. Ma, X. Yan, and G. Ma, “The effect of spherical aberration on temperature distribution inside glass by irradiation of a high repetition rate femtosecond pulse laser,” Chin. Phys. B21(2), 025201 (2012). [CrossRef]
Ferroelectrics
- A. Kumada, “Optical properties of gadolinium molybdate and their device applications,” Ferroelectrics3(1), 115–123 (1972). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “High-resolution study of photoinduced modification in fused silica produced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam in the presence of aberrations,” J. Appl. Phys.98(1), 013517 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Abe, Y. Benino, T. Fujiwara, T. Komatsu, and R. Sato, “Writing of nonlinear optical Sm2(MoO4)3 crystal lines at the surface of glass by samarium atom heat processing,” J. Appl. Phys.97(12), 123516 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. M. Burakov, N. M. Bulgakova, R. Stoian, A. Mermillod-Blondin, E. Audouard, A. Rosenfeld, A. Husakou, and I. V. Hertel, “Spatial distribution of refractive index variations induced in bulk fused silica by single ultrashort and short laser pulses,” J. Appl. Phys.101(4), 043506 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Non-Cryst. Solids
- Y. Teng, J. Zhou, F. Luo, G. Lin, and J. Qiu, “Controllable space selective precipitation of copper nanoparticles in borosilicate glasses using ultrafast laser irradiation,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2380–2383 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Formation of ferroelectric single-crystal architectures in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond vs. continuous-wave lasers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids356(52-54), 3059–3065 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Nakajima, M. Abe, Y. Benino, T. Fujiwara, H. G. Kim, and T. Komatsu, “Laser-induced crystallization of β′-RE2(MoO4)3 ferroelectrics (RE: Sm, Gd, Dy) in glasses and their surface morphologies,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids353(1), 85–93 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Behrens and M. Haack, “Cation diffusion in soda-lime-silicate glass melts,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids353(52-54), 4743–4752 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Solid State Chem.
- K. Nassau, J. W. Shiever, and E. T. Keve, “Structural and phase relationships among trivalent tungstates and molybdates,” J. Solid State Chem.3(3), 411–419 (1971). [CrossRef]
J. Therm. Anal.
- M. Roy, R. N. P. Choudhary, and H. N. Acharya, “X-ray and thermal studies of ferroelectric Dy2(MoO4)3,” J. Therm. Anal.35(5), 1471–1476 (1989). [CrossRef]
Mater. Chem. Phys.
- Y. Wang, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Synthesis and laser patterning of ferroelastic β′-RE2(MoO4)3 crystals (RE: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy) in rare-earth molybdenum borate glasses,” Mater. Chem. Phys.133(1), 118–125 (2012). [CrossRef]
MRS Bull.
- K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. Schaffer, “Ultrafast processes for bulk modification of transparent materials,” MRS Bull.31(08), 620–625 (2006). [CrossRef]
Nat. Mater.
- M. Deubel, G. von Freymann, M. Wegener, S. Pereira, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Direct laser writing of three-dimensional photonic-crystal templates for telecommunications,” Nat. Mater.3(7), 444–447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Directionally controlled 3D ferroelectric single crystal growth in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express17(25), 23284–23289 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Dai, H. Ma, B. Lu, B. Yu, B. Zhu, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser-induced oriented precipitation of Ba2TiGe2O8 crystals in glass,” Opt. Express16(6), 3912–3917 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Eaton, H. Zhang, P. R. Herman, F. Yoshino, L. Shah, J. Bovatsek, and A. Y. Arai, “Heat accumulation effects in femtosecond laser-written waveguides with variable repetition rate,” Opt. Express13(12), 4708–4716 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Luo, B. Qian, G. Lin, J. Xu, Y. Liao, J. Song, H. Sun, B. Zhu, J. Qiu, Q. Zhao, and Z. Xu, “Redistribution of elements in glass induced by a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express18(6), 6262–6269 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Mauclair, A. Mermillod-Blondin, N. Huot, E. Audouard, and R. Stoian, “Ultrafast laser writing of homogeneous longitudinal waveguides in glasses using dynamic wavefront correction,” Opt. Express16(8), 5481–5492 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- Y. Liu, B. Zhu, Y. Dai, X. Qiao, S. Ye, Y. Teng, Q. Guo, H. Ma, X. Fan, and J. Qiu, “Femtosecond laser writing of Er3+-doped CaF2 crystalline patterns in glass,” Opt. Lett.34(21), 3433–3435 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Miura, J. Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Space-selective growth of frequency-conversion crystals in glasses with ultrashort infrared laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.25(6), 408–410 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett.21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Mater.
- Z. Wang, H. Liang, M. Gong, and Q. Su, “Novel red phosphor of Bi3+, Sm3+ co-activated NaEu(MoO4)2,” Opt. Mater.29(7), 896–900 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Mater. Express
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Unexpected influence of focal depth on nucleation during femtosecond laser crystallization of glass,” Opt. Mater. Express1(5), 990–995 (2011). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. P. Rajeev, M. Gertsvolf, E. Simova, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “Memory in nonlinear ionization of transparent solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(25), 253001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Status Solidi A
- A. A. Kaminskii, “New room-temperature laser-diode pumped efficient quasi-cw and cw single-mode laser based on ferroelectric and ferroelastic Gd2(MoO4)3: Nd3+ crystal,” Phys. Status Solidi A149(2), K39–K42 (1995). [CrossRef]
Prog. Quantum Electron.
- J. H. Marburger, “Self-focusing: theory,” Prog. Quantum Electron.4, 35–110 (1975). [CrossRef]
Other
- L. H. Brixner, J. R. Barkley, and W. Jeitschko, Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths (North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979), Chap. 30.
2012, Wang, Mater. Chem. Phys.
- Y. Wang, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Synthesis and laser patterning of ferroelastic β′-RE2(MoO4)3 crystals (RE: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy) in rare-earth molybdenum borate glasses,” Mater. Chem. Phys.133(1), 118–125 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. Dai, G. Yu, G. Wu, H. Ma, X. Yan, and G. Ma, “The effect of spherical aberration on temperature distribution inside glass by irradiation of a high repetition rate femtosecond pulse laser,” Chin. Phys. B21(2), 025201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. Teng, J. Zhou, F. Luo, G. Lin, and J. Qiu, “Controllable space selective precipitation of copper nanoparticles in borosilicate glasses using ultrafast laser irradiation,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids357(11-13), 2380–2383 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Stone, M. Sakakura, Y. Shimotsuma, G. Stone, P. Gupta, K. Miura, K. Hirao, V. Dierolf, and H. Jain, “Formation of ferroelectric single-crystal architectures in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond vs. continuous-wave lasers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids356(52-54), 3059–3065 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Teng, B. Qian, N. Jiang, Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Ye, J. Zhou, B. Zhu, H. Zeng, and J. Qiu, “Light and heat driven precipitation of copper nanoparticles inside Cu2+-doped borate glasses,” Chem. Phys. Lett.485(1-3), 91–94 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tsukada, T. Honma, and T. Komatsu, “Corrected article: ‘Self-organized periodic domain structure for second harmonic generations in ferroelastic β′-(Sm, Gd)2(MoO4)3 crystal lines on glass surfaces [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041915 (2009)]’,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(5), 059901 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakakura, M. Shimizu, Y. Shimotsuma, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Temperature distribution and modification mechanism inside glass with heat accumulation during 250 kHz irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(23), 231112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. Wang, X. Hu, Y. Dai, J. Qiu, Y. Cheng, and Z. Xu, “Formation mechanism of self-organized voids in dielectrics induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(9), 092904 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Behrens and M. Haack, “Cation diffusion in soda-lime-silicate glass melts,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids353(52-54), 4743–4752 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Nakajima, M. Abe, Y. Benino, T. Fujiwara, H. G. Kim, and T. Komatsu, “Laser-induced crystallization of β′-RE2(MoO4)3 ferroelectrics (RE: Sm, Gd, Dy) in glasses and their surface morphologies,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids353(1), 85–93 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Wang, H. Liang, M. Gong, and Q. Su, “Novel red phosphor of Bi3+, Sm3+ co-activated NaEu(MoO4)2,” Opt. Mater.29(7), 896–900 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. M. Burakov, N. M. Bulgakova, R. Stoian, A. Mermillod-Blondin, E. Audouard, A. Rosenfeld, A. Husakou, and I. V. Hertel, “Spatial distribution of refractive index variations induced in bulk fused silica by single ultrashort and short laser pulses,” J. Appl. Phys.101(4), 043506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. P. Rajeev, M. Gertsvolf, E. Simova, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “Memory in nonlinear ionization of transparent solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(25), 253001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. Schaffer, “Ultrafast processes for bulk modification of transparent materials,” MRS Bull.31(08), 620–625 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “High-resolution study of photoinduced modification in fused silica produced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam in the presence of aberrations,” J. Appl. Phys.98(1), 013517 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Abe, Y. Benino, T. Fujiwara, T. Komatsu, and R. Sato, “Writing of nonlinear optical Sm2(MoO4)3 crystal lines at the surface of glass by samarium atom heat processing,” J. Appl. Phys.97(12), 123516 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Deubel, G. von Freymann, M. Wegener, S. Pereira, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Direct laser writing of three-dimensional photonic-crystal templates for telecommunications,” Nat. Mater.3(7), 444–447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marcinkevičius, V. Mizeikis, S. Juodkazis, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Effect of refractive index-mismatch on laser microfabrication in silica glass,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.76(2), 257–260 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. Shimotsuma, P. G. Kazansky, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, “Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91(24), 247405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Kaminskii, “New room-temperature laser-diode pumped efficient quasi-cw and cw single-mode laser based on ferroelectric and ferroelastic Gd2(MoO4)3: Nd3+ crystal,” Phys. Status Solidi A149(2), K39–K42 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Roy, R. N. P. Choudhary, and H. N. Acharya, “X-ray and thermal studies of ferroelectric Dy2(MoO4)3,” J. Therm. Anal.35(5), 1471–1476 (1989). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Marburger, “Self-focusing: theory,” Prog. Quantum Electron.4, 35–110 (1975). [CrossRef]
- A. Kumada, “Optical properties of gadolinium molybdate and their device applications,” Ferroelectrics3(1), 115–123 (1972). [CrossRef]
- K. Nassau, J. W. Shiever, and E. T. Keve, “Structural and phase relationships among trivalent tungstates and molybdates,” J. Solid State Chem.3(3), 411–419 (1971). [CrossRef]
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