Table 1
Experimental Conditions: Illuminants, Cameras, and Print Materials [29 ]
Illuminant Measurement color temperature (K) Light type Measurement intensity (lx) D65 6590 North sky daylight 1180 TL84 3980 Triphosphor fluorescence 1090 CWF 3995 Cool white fluorescence 1299 INC-A 2785 Incandescent lamp 1150 Horizon 2400 Horizon daylight 1200 Device ID Devices Types Maximum resolution and sensor types A LG Cyon KP3800 cellphone
1.3
M
pixel CCD camera B LG Cyon SV510 cellphone
1.3
M
pixel CCD camera C HP iPAQ RW-6100 PDA
1.1
M
pixel CCD camera D Samsung Anycall SPH-E3700 cellphone
1
M
pixel CMOS camera Code ID Print material type Code size (
cm
×
cm
) Color of print material (R, G, B) channels of cells to print Red component Green component Blue component Black component 1, 2 White paper
1.1
×
1.1
White 227, 67, 33 51, 204, 51 77, 183, 234 0, 0, 0 3, 4 Magazine 1
0.9
×
0.9
White 220, 30, 30 50, 220, 0 50, 90, 220 0, 0, 0 5 Newspaper
0.65
×
0.65
Gray 220, 30, 30 50, 220, 0 50, 90, 220 0, 0, 0 6 Name card 1
0.8
×
0.8
White 227, 67, 33 51, 204, 51 77, 183, 234 0, 0, 0 7 Name card 2
0.8
×
0.8
White 220, 30, 30 50, 220, 0 50, 90, 220 0, 0, 0 8, 9 Magazine 2
0.8
×
0.8
White 227, 67, 33 51, 204, 51 77, 183, 234 0, 0, 0 10 Plastic card
0.75
×
0.75
Light pink 227, 67, 33 51, 204, 51 77, 183, 234 0, 0, 0
Table 2
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for SLACC for Different
S
T
s and Illuminants
Illuminant Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
a
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 D65 91.2 47.8 47.8 54.0 65.2 79.7 82.6 83.6 84.2 89.6 90.6 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 TL84 92.4 59.9 65.9 73.4 74.7 84.1 87.8 90.4 91.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 92.4 CWF 91.2 59.6 59.6 59.8 66.9 79.8 84.1 87.4 90.4 90.4 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 INC-A 69.8 45.3 45.6 45.8 54.4 59.6 62.0 63.0 66.4 71.6 73.7 72.1 71.4 71.4 71.4 71.1 71.1 71.1 70.8 70.6 70.6 70.3 Horizon 51.1 38.7 38.7 38.9 39.2 42.1 49.7 54.2 55.0 55.3 56.3 58.4 58.7 59.7 59.5 59.2 58.2 57.9 57.4 56.3 54.5 54.2 Overall 79.3 50.3 51.6 54.5 60.2 69.2 73.4 75.8 77.6 80.0 81.0 81.2 81.1 81.3 81.2 81.1 80.9 80.9 80.7 80.5 80.1 80.0
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 3
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for KMACC (YUV) for Different
S
T
s and Illuminants
Illuminant Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
a
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 D65 87.3 87.8 87.8 87.8 88.8 90.4 89.9 88.6 86.5 88.3 88.3 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 TL84 92.2 96.6 96.9 97.1 97.1 97.7 96.9 97.4 96.6 96.1 94.0 92.7 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 CWF 94.2 97.0 97.0 96.5 96.5 96.0 95.7 94.7 94.7 94.4 94.4 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 INC-A 66.9 93.8 93.8 93.8 94.3 94.5 94.3 93.5 92.2 91.4 88.5 83.6 76.6 73.4 70.3 70.1 70.1 70.1 69.5 68.8 68.2 67.4 Horizon 45.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 94.5 92.9 91.8 91.1 88.2 85.5 80.0 75.8 74.2 72.1 70.8 68.7 67.6 66.8 62.4 55.3 53.2 Overall 77.4 94.0 94.1 94.0 94.3 94.6 93.9 93.2 92.2 91.7 90.2 87.8 85.4 84.5 83.5 83.2 82.7 82.5 82.3 81.2 79.7 79.2
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 4
Comparison of the Performance of Algorithms Based on Illumination.
Recognized color-based image code Illuminant Algorithm Number of images that have passed preprocessing
N
P
C
Number of correctly recognized images
N
A
C
Correct recognition ratio
R
(
A
|
C
)
(%) Standard deviation APTI (ms) D65 MCC 385 307 79.7 16.2 17.8 WBCC 255 66.2 22.4 17.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
a
351 91.2 8.1 14.5 SLACC (2.2)
a
351 91.2 8.1 14.5 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
336 87.3 11.1 14.8 KMACC (YUV) (1.4) 348 90.4 8.7 14.8 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
228 59.2 24.1 20.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 260 67.5 21.9 19.0 TL84 MCC 384 318 82.8 14.2 15.5 WBCC 327 85.2 12.6 14.8 SLACC
(
∞
)
355 92.4 7.0 13.0 SLACC (2.2) 355 92.4 7.0 13.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
354 92.2 7.2 13.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
375 97.7 2.3 13.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
339 88.3 10.3 14.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 367 95.6 4.2 13.0 CWF MCC 396 329 83.1 14.1 15.5 WBCC 351 88.6 10.1 14.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
361 91.2 8.1 13.3 SLACC (2.2) 361 91.2 8.1 13.5 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
373 94.2 5.5 13.3 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
380 96.0 3.9 13.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
355 89.6 9.3 14.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 378 95.5 4.3 13.8 INC-A MCC 384 232 60.4 23.9 20.8 WBCC 333 86.7 11.5 17.5 SLACC
(
∞
)
268 69.8 21.1 17.5 SLACC (2.2) 274 71.4 20.4 17.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
257 66.9 22.1 18.3 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
363 94.5 5.2 15.3 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
268 69.8 21.1 17.8 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 356 92.7 6.8 15.5 Horizon MCC 380 146 38.4 23.7 26.0 WBCC 270 71.1 20.6 21.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
194 51.1 25.0 22.5 SLACC (2.2) 227 59.7 24.1 21.5 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
173 45.5 24.8 22.8 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
359 94.5 5.2 18.8 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
189 49.7 25.0 22.5 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 353 92.9 6.6 19.5 Overall MCC 1929 1332 69.1 38.9 19.1 WBCC 1536 79.6 33.1 16.9 SLACC
(
∞
)
1529 79.3 34.7 16.2 SLACC (2.2) 1568 81.3 32.0 15.9 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
1493 77.4 36.7 16.4 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
1825 94.6 12.8 15.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
1379 71.5 37.9 17.7 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 1714 88.9 22.9 16.2
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 5
Comparison of Robustness of Algorithms Based on Illumination
Correct recognition ratio (%) of illuminants
R
(
A
|
I
)
Overall Maximum Minimum Robustness Algorithm D65 TL84 CWF INC-A Horizon
max
R
(
A
|
I
)
min
R
(
A
|
I
)
L
(
A
|
I
)
MCC 79.7 82.8 83.1 60.4 38.4 69.1 83.1 38.4 51.5 WBCC 66.2 85.2 88.6 86.7 71.1 79.6 88.6 66.2 70.5 SLACC
(
∞
)
91.2 92.4 91.2 69.8 51.1 79.3 92.4 51.1 62.7 SLACC (2.2) 91.2 92.4 91.2 71.4 59.7 81.3 92.4 59.7 67.9 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
87.3 92.2 94.2 66.9 45.5 77.4 94.2 45.5 58.7 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
90.4 97.7 96.0 94.5 94.5 94.6 97.7 90.4 92.2 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
59.2 88.3 89.6 69.8 49.7 71.5 89.6 49.7 55.6 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 67.5 95.6 95.5 92.7 92.9 88.9 95.6 67.5 78.1
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 6
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for SLACC for Different
S
T
s and Devices
Device Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
a
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 A 70.4 36.6 39.4 48.8 64.9 69.0 71.5 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.2 71.7 71.7 71.7 71.7 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.3 71.1 71.1 70.9 B 72.8 42.7 44.9 45.9 48.0 60.8 67.1 69.9 72.2 76.6 77.4 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.6 76.8 75.4 75.2 C 29.0 44.7 44.7 44.7 47.7 59.5 62.4 66.2 70.6 75.8 79.2 80.0 80.3 80.9 80.5 80.3 79.4 79.2 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 D 94.3 76.3 76.3 77.7 80.0 87.2 91.9 93.9 94.3 94.1 94.5 94.5 93.9 94.1 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 Overall 79.3 50.3 51.6 54.5 60.2 69.2 73.4 75.8 77.6 80.0 81.0 81.2 81.1 81.3 81.2 81.1 80.9 80.9 80.7 80.5 80.1 80.0
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 7
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for KMACC (YUV) for Different
S
T
s and Devices
Device Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
a
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 A 81.8 92.9 93.1 92.9 94.2 95.1 93.8 93.1 93.1 92.9 92.9 91.9 91.2 90.8 90.6 90.4 90.4 90.4 90.1 89.5 87.2 85.4 B 75.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.6 91.1 92.3 93.1 92.9 94.9 94.5 92.9 88.8 88.0 86.2 86.2 86.2 86.0 85.6 82.3 79.3 78.7 C 81.8 96.0 96.0 96.0 95.8 95.6 95.4 94.5 94.3 93.3 91.6 89.1 86.8 86.3 85.3 84.5 83.0 82.6 82.1 81.9 81.3 81.3 D 71.7 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 96.8 94.3 92.1 88.7 85.8 82.0 77.5 75.3 73.3 72.3 72.1 71.9 71.7 71.7 71.7 71.7 71.7 Overall 77.4 94.0 94.1 94.0 94.3 94.6 93.9 93.2 92.2 91.7 90.2 87.8 85.4 84.5 83.5 83.2 82.7 82.5 82.3 81.2 79.7 79.2
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 8
Comparison of the Performance of Algorithms Based on Device
Recognized color-based image code Device Algorithm Number of images that have passed preprocessing
N
P
C
Number of correctly recognized images
N
A
C
Correct recognition ratio
R
(
A
|
C
)
(%) Standard deviation APTI (ms) A MCC 467 272 58.2 24.3 19.8 WBCC 437 93.6 6.0 14.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
329 70.4 20.8 16.6 SLACC (2.2) 335 71.7 20.3 16.4 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
382 81.8 14.9 15.4 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
444 95.1 4.7 13.8 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
347 74.3 19.1 16.4 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 412 88.2 10.4 15.0 B MCC 492 334 67.9 21.8 17.8 WBCC
a
484 98.4 1.6 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
358 72.8 19.8 16.2 SLACC (2.2) 383 77.8 17.2 15.4 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
371 75.4 18.5 15.8 KMACC (YUV) (1.4) 448 91.1 8.1 15.8 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
297 60.4 23.9 18.4 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 418 85.0 12.8 17.0 C MCC 476 321 67.4 22.0 19.0 WBCC 361 75.8 18.3 16.4 SLACC
(
∞
)
376 79.0 16.6 16.0 SLACC (2.2) 385 80.9 15.5 15.8 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
386 81.1 15.3 15.8 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
455 95.6 4.2 14.6 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
311 65.3 22.6 18.4 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 415 87.2 11.2 16.2 D MCC 494 405 82.0 14.8 19.8 WBCC 254 51.4 25.0 22.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
466 94.3 5.3 15.8 SLACC (2.2) 465 94.1 5.5 16.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
354 71.7 20.3 18.6 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
478 96.8 3.1 15.6 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
424 85.8 12.2 17.4 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 469 94.9 4.8 16.4
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 9
Comparison of Robustness of Algorithms Based on Device
Algorithm Correct recognition ratio (%) of devices
R
(
A
|
I
)
Overall Maximum Minimum Robustness A B C D
max
R
(
A
|
I
)
min
R
(
A
|
I
)
L
(
A
|
I
)
MCC 58.2 67.9 67.4 82.0 69.1 82.0 58.2 60.4 WBCC 93.6 98.4 75.8 51.4 79.6 98.4 51.4 61.4 SLACC
(
∞
)
70.4 72.8 79.0 94.3 79.3 94.3 70.4 69.8 SLACC (2.2) 71.7 77.8 80.9 94.1 81.3 94.1 71.7 73.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
81.8 75.4 81.1 71.7 77.4 81.8 71.7 73.3 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
95.1 91.1 95.6 96.8 94.6 96.8 91.1 92.5 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
74.3 60.4 65.3 85.8 71.5 85.8 60.4 61.8 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 88.2 85.0 87.2 94.9 88.9 94.9 85.0 85.1
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 10
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for SLACC for Different
S
T
s and Print Materials
Code Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
a
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1 73.4 36.7 41.2 43.7 50.3 63.3 65.3 67.3 70.9 74.9 74.9 76.4 77.9 77.9 77.9 77.9 77.9 77.9 77.9 76.4 73.9 73.4 2 78.0 41.0 47.0 49.5 56.0 67.0 67.5 67.5 70.0 75.5 77.5 80.0 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.0 80.0 80.0 79.5 79.0 78.0 78.0 3 89.4 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 89.9 90.4 90.4 90.4 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.4 90.4 90.4 90.4 4 92.2 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 94.8 93.3 92.2 92.2 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 5 66.7 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.3 81.0 78.2 74.7 74.1 73.0 72.4 70.7 69.5 67.8 67.2 67.2 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 6 66.7 21.0 20.5 27.7 43.6 55.9 60.5 61.0 63.1 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 7 70.2 93.2 93.2 93.2 91.1 90.1 88.5 88.0 88.0 87.4 86.9 83.2 80.6 80.6 79.6 79.6 78.0 78.0 77.5 77.0 77.0 76.4 8 79.9 12.7 12.7 18.0 33.9 55.6 66.7 73.0 75.1 78.3 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 9 82.3 14.1 14.1 23.2 36.9 56.6 71.7 76.8 77.8 81.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 10 92.7 20.8 23.4 25.5 26.6 38.0 49.5 63.5 72.9 77.6 84.9 87.5 88.5 91.1 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 Overall 79.3 50.3 51.6 54.5 60.3 69.2 73.4 75.8 77.6 80.0 81.0 81.2 81.1 81.3 81.2 81.1 80.9 80.9 80.7 80.5 80.1 80.0
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 11
Correct Recognition Ratio (%) for KMACC (YUV) for Different
S
T
s and Print Materials
Code Scaling threshold value (
S
T
)
∞
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
a
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1 82.4 97.0 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 98.0 98.0 99.5 99.5 98.5 94.5 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 93.5 93.5 91.5 86.9 84.4 2 81.5 95.5 95.5 94.5 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 96.5 97.5 96.5 92.0 92.0 92.0 91.5 91.5 91.5 91.0 87.0 83.0 81.5 3 73.7 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 97.5 94.9 90.9 89.4 85.4 83.8 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 82.8 80.8 80.8 4 73.6 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 97.9 95.9 94.8 91.7 87.0 85.0 83.4 82.4 81.9 79.3 77.7 76.7 76.7 76.2 75.6 5 59.2 95.4 95.4 95.4 95.4 93.7 90.2 83.3 74.1 68.4 67.2 64.4 62.1 60.9 59.8 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 6 79.5 89.2 89.2 89.2 92.3 93.3 91.3 90.8 90.8 92.8 91.8 88.7 85.6 84.1 84.1 84.1 84.1 84.1 84.1 82.1 79.5 79.5 7 63.9 98.4 98.4 98.4 98.4 96.9 93.2 92.7 91.6 90.6 86.4 82.7 79.1 79.1 77.0 75.9 74.3 74.3 73.3 71.7 71.2 70.2 8 81.5 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.6 94.2 92.1 89.9 89.9 88.4 86.8 85.7 84.7 84.1 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 81.5 81.5 9 87.4 89.9 89.9 89.9 89.4 91.4 93.4 93.4 93.9 92.9 91.9 90.9 90.4 90.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 10 89.1 83.9 83.9 84.4 84.4 84.9 87.5 91.1 92.7 92.7 91.1 89.1 88.5 88.5 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 Overall 77.4 94.0 94.1 94.0 94.3 94.6 93.9 93.2 92.2 91.7 90.2 87.8 85.4 84.5 83.5 83.2 82.7 82.5 82.3 81.2 79.7 79.2
a
Column with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 12
Comparison of Robustness of Algorithms Based on Print Material
Recognized color-based image code Code ID Algorithm Number of images that have passed preprocessing
N
P
C
Number of correctly recognized images
N
A
C
Correct recognition ratio
R
(
A
|
C
)
(%) Standard deviation APTI (ms) Code 1 MCC 199 143 71.9 20.2 18.0 WBCC 179 89.9 9.0 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
148 74.4 19.1 17.0 SLACC (2.2) 157 78.9 16.7 16.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
164 82.4 14.5 16.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
194 97.5 2.4 15.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
150 75.4 18.6 17.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 185 93.0 6.5 16.0 Code 2 MCC 200 145 72.5 19.9 17.0 WBCC 183 91.5 7.8 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
154 77.0 17.7 16.0 SLACC (2.2) 159 79.5 16.3 16.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
163 81.5 15.1 15.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
190 95.0 4.8 15.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
141 70.5 20.8 17.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 176 88.0 10.6 16.0 Code 3 MCC 198 166 83.8 13.5 17.0 WBCC 172 86.9 11.4 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
177 89.4 9.5 15.0 SLACC (2.2) 179 90.4 8.7 15.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
146 73.7 19.4 17.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
197 99.5 0.5 14.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
167 84.3 13.2 16.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 195 98.5 1.5 14.0 Code 4 MCC 193 167 86.5 11.7 16.0 WBCC 169 87.6 10.9 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
178 92.2 7.2 14.0 SLACC (2.2) 179 92.7 6.7 14.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
142 73.6 19.4 17.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
192 99.5 0.5 13.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
156 80.8 15.5 16.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 188 97.4 2.5 13.0 Code 5 MCC 174 33 19.0 15.4 26.0 WBCC 76 43.7 24.6 22.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
116 66.7 22.2 19.0 SLACC (2.2) 121 69.5 21.2 18.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
103 59.2 24.2 18.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
163 93.7 5.9 14.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
124 71.3 20.5 17.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 159 91.4 7.9 15.0 Code 6 MCC 195 122 62.6 23.4 20.0 WBCC 174 89.2 9.6 17.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
130 66.7 22.2 20.0 SLACC (2.2) 130 66.7 22.2 20.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
155 79.5 16.3 18.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
182 93.3 6.2 17.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
138 70.8 20.7 19.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 172 88.2 10.4 18.0 Code 7 MCC 191 112 58.6 24.3 21.0 WBCC 127 66.5 22.3 19.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
134 70.2 22.2 18.0 SLACC (2.2) 154 80.6 15.6 17.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
122 63.9 23.1 20.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
185 96.9 3.0 16.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
126 66.0 22.5 20.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 185 96.9 3.0 16.0 Code 8 MCC 189 146 77.2 17.6 16.0 WBCC 166 87.8 10.7 15.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
151 79.9 16.1 15.0 SLACC (2.2) 151 79.9 16.1 15.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
154 81.5 15.1 15.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
178 94.2 5.5 14.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
118 62.4 23.5 19.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 151 79.9 16.1 17.0 Code 9 MCC 198 146 73.7 19.4 17.0 WBCC 154 77.8 17.3 16.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
163 82.3 14.6 14.0 SLACC (2.2) 163 82.3 14.6 14.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
173 87.4 11.0 14.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
181 91.4 7.8 14.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
133 67.2 22.1 18.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 155 78.3 17.0 17.0 Code 10 MCC 192 152 79.2 16.5 16.0 WBCC 136 70.8 20.7 18.0 SLACC
(
∞
)
a
178 92.7 6.8 14.0 SLACC (2.2) 175 91.1 8.1 14.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
171 89.1 9.7 15.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4) 163 84.9 12.8 16.0 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
126 65.6 22.6 19.0 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 148 77.1 17.7 18.0
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.
Table 13
Comparison of the Performance of Algorithms Based on Print Material
Algorithm Correct recognition ratio (%) of print materials
R
(
A
|
I
)
Overall Maximum Minimum Robustness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
max
R
(
A
|
I
)
min
R
(
A
|
I
)
L
(
A
|
I
)
MCC 71.9 72.5 83.8 86.5 19.0 62.6 58.6 77.2 73.7 79.2 69.1 86.5 19.0 50.1 WBCC 89.9 91.5 86.9 87.6 43.7 89.2 66.5 87.8 77.8 70.8 79.6 91.5 43.7 64.8 SLACC
(
∞
)
74.4 77.0 89.4 92.2 66.7 66.7 70.2 79.9 82.3 92.7 79.3 92.7 66.7 69.7 SLACC (2.2) 78.9 79.5 90.4 92.7 69.5 66.7 80.6 79.9 82.3 91.1 81.3 92.7 66.7 73.0 KMACC (YUV)
(
∞
)
82.4 81.5 73.7 73.6 59.2 79.5 63.9 81.5 87.4 89.1 77.4 89.1 59.2 68.0 KMACC (YUV) (1.4)
a
97.5 95.0 99.5 99.5 93.7 93.3 96.9 94.2 91.4 84.9 94.6 99.5 84.9 90.5 KMACC (RGB)
(
∞
)
75.4 70.5 84.3 80.8 71.3 70.8 66.0 62.4 67.2 65.6 71.5 84.3 62.4 64.8 KMACC (RGB) (1.4) 93.0 88.0 98.5 97.4 91.4 88.2 96.9 79.9 78.3 77.1 88.9 98.5 77.1 81.2
a
Row with the highest overall correct recognition ratio.