Linda Lundström, Jörgen Gustafsson, and Peter Unsbo, "Population distribution of wavefront aberrations in the peripheral human eye," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26, 2192-2198 (2009)
We present a population study of peripheral wavefront aberrations in large off-axis angles in terms of Zernike coefficients. A laboratory Hartmann–Shack sensor was used to assess the aberrations in 0°, 20°, and 30° in the nasal visual field of 43 normal eyes. The elliptical pupil meant that the quantification could be done in different ways. The three approaches used were (1) over a circular aperture encircling the pupil, (2) over a stretched version of the elliptical pupil, and (3) over a circular aperture within the pupil (MATLAB conversion code given). Astigmatism increased quadratically and coma linearly with the horizontal viewing angle, whereas spherical aberration decreased slightly toward the periphery. There was no correlation between defocus and angle, although some trends were found when the subjects were divided into groups depending on refractive error. When comparing results of different studies it has to be kept in mind that the coefficients differ depending on how the elliptical pupil is taken into consideration.
Linda Lundström, Silvestre Manzanera, Pedro M. Prieto, Diego B. Ayala, Nicolas Gorceix, Jörgen Gustafsson, Peter Unsbo, and Pablo Artal Opt. Express 15(20) 12654-12661 (2007)
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Population Statistics of the 43 Subjects in the Study (Mean Deviation)
Parameter
0°
20°
30°
Major pupil diameter (mm)
Pupil eccentricity
Orientation of minor pupil axis (degrees)
Random
Spectacle refraction, M (diopters)
Spectacle refraction, J0 (diopters)
Spectacle refraction, J45 (diopters)
Table 2
Variation with Off-Axis Angle (0°, 20°, and 30°) for the Absolute Values of Zernike Coefficients over the Population for Three Different Pupil Shapesa
Zernike Coefficient
0°
20°
30°
LC: Large Circle,
SC: Small Circle,
LC: Large Circle,
SE: Stretched Ellipse,
SC: Small Circle,
LC: Large Circle,
SE: Stretched Ellipse,
SC: Small Circle,
RMS 5th ord
RMS 6th ord
RMS 7th ord
RMS 8th ord
RMS 3rd–9th ord
Large circular aperture of in diameter (LC), elliptical aperture stretched into a circle of (SE), and small circular aperture of (SC) (mean deviation in over the population).
Table 3
Correlation with Off-Axis Angle for Each Signed Zernike Coefficient in over a Circular Aperture (LC) and a Circular Aperture (SC)a
Zernike Coefficient
Correlation with Angle (signed LC)
Correlation with Angle (signed SC)
0.031
0.002
0.030
RMS 5th ord
RMS 6th ord
RMS 7th ord
RMS 8th ord
RMS 3rd–9th ord
Pearson correlation coefficients, are marked with .
Tables (3)
Table 1
Population Statistics of the 43 Subjects in the Study (Mean Deviation)
Parameter
0°
20°
30°
Major pupil diameter (mm)
Pupil eccentricity
Orientation of minor pupil axis (degrees)
Random
Spectacle refraction, M (diopters)
Spectacle refraction, J0 (diopters)
Spectacle refraction, J45 (diopters)
Table 2
Variation with Off-Axis Angle (0°, 20°, and 30°) for the Absolute Values of Zernike Coefficients over the Population for Three Different Pupil Shapesa
Zernike Coefficient
0°
20°
30°
LC: Large Circle,
SC: Small Circle,
LC: Large Circle,
SE: Stretched Ellipse,
SC: Small Circle,
LC: Large Circle,
SE: Stretched Ellipse,
SC: Small Circle,
RMS 5th ord
RMS 6th ord
RMS 7th ord
RMS 8th ord
RMS 3rd–9th ord
Large circular aperture of in diameter (LC), elliptical aperture stretched into a circle of (SE), and small circular aperture of (SC) (mean deviation in over the population).
Table 3
Correlation with Off-Axis Angle for Each Signed Zernike Coefficient in over a Circular Aperture (LC) and a Circular Aperture (SC)a
Zernike Coefficient
Correlation with Angle (signed LC)
Correlation with Angle (signed SC)
0.031
0.002
0.030
RMS 5th ord
RMS 6th ord
RMS 7th ord
RMS 8th ord
RMS 3rd–9th ord
Pearson correlation coefficients, are marked with .