Feng Peng, Steven W. Effler, David O'Donnell, Mary Gail Perkins, and Alan Weidemann, "Role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in lakes and a river in central New York," Appl. Opt. 46, 6577-6594 (2007)
The role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in several lakes and a river (total of ten sites)
in central New York, which represent a robust range of scattering conditions, was evaluated based on an individual particle analysis technique of scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated x-ray microanalysis and image analysis (SAX), in situ bulk measurements of particle scattering and backscattering coefficients
and
), and laboratory analyses of common indicators of scattering. SAX provided characterizations of the elemental x-ray composition,
number concentration, particle size distribution (PSD), shape, and projected area concentration of minerogenic particles
of sizes
. Mie theory was applied to calculate the minerogenic components of
and
with SAX data. Differences in
, associated primarily with clay minerals and
, were responsible for most of the measured differences in both
and
across the study sites. Contributions of the specified minerogenic particle classes to
were found to correspond approximately to their contributions to
.
The estimates of
represented substantial fractions of
, whereas those of
were the dominant component of
. The representativeness of the estimates of and was supported by their consistency with the bulk measurements. Greater uncertainty prevails for the
estimates than those for
, associated primarily with reported deviations in particle shapes from sphericity. The PSDs were well represented by the “B” component of the two-component model or a three parameter generalized gamma distribution [Deep-Sea Res. Part I 40, 1459 (1993)].
The widely applied Junge (hyperbolic) function performed poorly in representing the PSDs and the size dependency of light scattering in these systems, by overrepresenting the concentrations of submicrometer particles especially. Submicrometer particles were not important contributors to
or
.
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See Fig. 1.
World Geodetic System 1984.
o, oligotrophic; m, mesotrophic; e, eutrophic.
Table 2
Specification of Generic Particle Types, According to X-Ray Characteristics, and the Complex Refractive Indices (Relative to Water) Used in Mie Calculations
Live x-ray acquisition time was 3 s.
All percentages are elemental x-ray relative intensities.
The x-ray density refers to the ratio of a particle's total x-ray counts to its size [26].
This incorporates all inorganic particles not captured in the specified classes.
Table 3
Summary of PAV Measurements for Study Sites According to Geochemical Classes with Contributions to Total PAV and PAVm
See Table 1 for system abbreviations.
Percentages of PAVm in PAV are listed in parentheses.
Numbers in parentheses are the minerogenic type percentages in PAVm.
Table 4
Statistics (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of Minerogenic Particle Shapes as Described by ASP (Aspect Ratio) for Study Sites
See Fig. 1.
World Geodetic System 1984.
o, oligotrophic; m, mesotrophic; e, eutrophic.
Table 2
Specification of Generic Particle Types, According to X-Ray Characteristics, and the Complex Refractive Indices (Relative to Water) Used in Mie Calculations
Live x-ray acquisition time was 3 s.
All percentages are elemental x-ray relative intensities.
The x-ray density refers to the ratio of a particle's total x-ray counts to its size [26].
This incorporates all inorganic particles not captured in the specified classes.
Table 3
Summary of PAV Measurements for Study Sites According to Geochemical Classes with Contributions to Total PAV and PAVm
See Table 1 for system abbreviations.
Percentages of PAVm in PAV are listed in parentheses.
Numbers in parentheses are the minerogenic type percentages in PAVm.
Table 4
Statistics (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of Minerogenic Particle Shapes as Described by ASP (Aspect Ratio) for Study Sites