Detailed electromagnetic simulation for the structural color of butterfly wings

doi:10.1364/AO.48.004177

Detailed electromagnetic simulation for the structural color of butterfly wings

R. Todd Lee and Glenn S. Smith »View Author Affiliations

Applied Optics, Vol. 48, Issue 21, pp. 4177-4190 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.004177

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Abstract

Many species of butterflies exhibit interesting optical phenomena due to structural color. The physical reason for this color is subwavelength features on the surface of a single scale. The exposed surface of a scale is covered with a ridge structure. The fully three-dimensional, periodic, finite-difference time- domain method is used to create a detailed electromagnetic model of a generic ridge. A novel method for presenting the three-dimensional observed color pattern is developed. Using these tools, the change in color that is a result of varying individual features of the scale is explored. Computational models are developed that are similar to three butterflies: Morpho rhetenor, Troides magellanus, and Ancyluris meliboeus.

OCIS Codes
(170.1420) Medical optics and biotechnology : Biology
(330.1690) Vision, color, and visual optics : Color

ToC Category:
Vision, Color, and Visual Optics

History
Original Manuscript: March 24, 2009
Revised Manuscript: June 22, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: June 22, 2009
Published: July 14, 2009

Virtual Issues
Vol. 4, Iss. 9 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
July 17, 2009 Spotlight on Optics

Citation
R. Todd Lee and Glenn S. Smith, "Detailed electromagnetic simulation for the structural color of butterfly wings," Appl. Opt. 48, 4177-4190 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-48-21-4177

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References

S. Berthier, Iridescences: The Physical Colors of Insects (Springer, 2007).
T. F. Anderson and A. G. Richards, “An electron microscope study of some structural colors of insects,” J. Appl. Phys. 13, 748-758 (1942). [CrossRef]
H. Ghiradella, “Structure of iridescent lepidopteran scales: variations on several themes,” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 77, 637-645 (1984).
H. Ghiradella, “Hairs, bristles, and scales,” in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, W. H. Frederick and L. Michael, eds. (Wiley-Liss, 1998), Vol. 11A, pp. 257-287.
P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, and H. Ghiradella, “Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales,” Photonics Sci. News 6, 61-68 (2000).
P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, C. R. Lawrence, and R. J. Wooten, “Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 266, 1403-1411(1999). [CrossRef]
A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. (Artech, 2005).
R. T. Lee and G. S. Smith, “An alternative approach for implementing periodic boundary conditions in the FDTD method using multiple unit cells,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54, 698-705 (2006). [CrossRef]
R. T. Lee, “A novel technique for incorporating periodic boundaries into the FDTD method and the application to the study of structural color of insects,” Ph.D. thesis (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009).
L. Plattner, “Optical properties of the scales of Morpho rhetenor butterflies: theoretical and experimental investigation of the backscattering of light in the visible spectrum,” J. R. Soc. Interface 1, 49-59 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. Banerjee, J. B. Cole, and T. Yatagai, “Colour characterization of a Morpho butterfly wing-scale using a high accuracy nonstandard finite-difference time-domain method,” Micron 38, 97-103 (2007). [CrossRef]
K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14, 302-307 (1966). [CrossRef]
J. B. Schneider, “Plane waves in FDTD simulations and a nearly perfect total-field/scattered-field boundary,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 52, 3280-3287 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. A. Roden and S. D. Gedney, “Convolutional PML (CPML): an efficient FDTD implementation of the CFS-PML for arbitrary media,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 27, 334-339 (2000). [CrossRef]
S. Kinoshita and S. Yoshioka, “Structural colors in nature: The role of regularity and irregularity in the structure,” Chem. Phys. Chem. 6, 1442-1459 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
“Standard terminology of appearance,” ASTM E 284 08 (ASTM International, 2008).
R. S. Berns, Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology, 3rd ed. (Wiley, 2000).
“Standard practice for computing the colors of objects by using the CIE system,” ASTM E 308 06 (ASTM International, 2006).
R. A. Potyrailo, H. Ghiradella, A. Vertiatchikh, K. Dovidenko, J. R. Cournoyer, and E. Olson, “Morphobutterfly wing scales demonstrate highly selective vapour response,” Nat. Photon. 1, 123-128 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. Berthier, E. Charron, and J. Boulenguez, “Morphological structure and optical properties of the wings of Morphidae,” Insect Sci. 13, 145-158 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. Yoshioka and S. Kinoshita, “Wavelength-selective and anisotropic light-diffusing scale on the wing of the Morphobutterfly,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 271, 581-587 (2004). [CrossRef]
B. Gralak, G. Tayeb, and S. Enoch, “Morphobutterflies wings color modeled with lamellar grating theory,” Opt. Express 9, 567-578 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Lawrence, P. Vukusic, and R. Sambles, “Grazing-incidence iridescence from a butterfly wing,” Appl. Opt. 41, 437-441(2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. P. Vigneron, K. Kertesz, Z. Vertesy, M. Rassart, V. Lousse, Z. Balint, and L. P. Biro, “Correlated diffraction and fluorescence in the backscattering iridescence of the male butterfly Troides magellanus (Papilionidae),” Phys. Rev. E 78, 021903(2008). [CrossRef]
P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, C. R. Lawrence, and R. J. Wootton, “Limited-view iridescence in the butterfly Ancyluris meliboeus,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , 269, 7-14 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, and J. Miyazaki, “Physics of structural colors,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 71, 076401 (2008). [CrossRef]

Anderson, T. F.
Balint, Z.
Banerjee, S.
Berns, R. S.
Berthier, S.
Biro, L. P.
Boulenguez, J.
Charron, E.
Cole, J. B.
Cournoyer, J. R.
Dovidenko, K.
Enoch, S.
Gedney, S. D.
Ghiradella, H.
Gralak, B.
Hagness, S. C.
Kertesz, K.
Kinoshita, S.
Lawrence, C.
Lawrence, C. R.
Lee, R. T.
Lousse, V.
Miyazaki, J.
Olson, E.
Plattner, L.
Potyrailo, R. A.
Rassart, M.
Richards, A. G.
Roden, J. A.
Sambles, J. R.
Sambles, R.
Schneider, J. B.
Smith, G. S.
Taflove, A.
Tayeb, G.
Vertesy, Z.
Vertiatchikh, A.
Vigneron, J. P.
Vukusic, P.
Wooten, R. J.
Wootton, R. J.
Yatagai, T.
Yee, K. S.
Yoshioka, S.

Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.

H. Ghiradella, “Structure of iridescent lepidopteran scales: variations on several themes,” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 77, 637-645 (1984).

Appl. Opt.

C. Lawrence, P. Vukusic, and R. Sambles, “Grazing-incidence iridescence from a butterfly wing,” Appl. Opt. 41, 437-441(2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Chem. Phys. Chem.

S. Kinoshita and S. Yoshioka, “Structural colors in nature: The role of regularity and irregularity in the structure,” Chem. Phys. Chem. 6, 1442-1459 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.

K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14, 302-307 (1966). [CrossRef]
J. B. Schneider, “Plane waves in FDTD simulations and a nearly perfect total-field/scattered-field boundary,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 52, 3280-3287 (2004). [CrossRef]
R. T. Lee and G. S. Smith, “An alternative approach for implementing periodic boundary conditions in the FDTD method using multiple unit cells,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54, 698-705 (2006). [CrossRef]

Insect Sci.

S. Berthier, E. Charron, and J. Boulenguez, “Morphological structure and optical properties of the wings of Morphidae,” Insect Sci. 13, 145-158 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

T. F. Anderson and A. G. Richards, “An electron microscope study of some structural colors of insects,” J. Appl. Phys. 13, 748-758 (1942). [CrossRef]

J. R. Soc. Interface

L. Plattner, “Optical properties of the scales of Morpho rhetenor butterflies: theoretical and experimental investigation of the backscattering of light in the visible spectrum,” J. R. Soc. Interface 1, 49-59 (2004). [CrossRef]

Micron

S. Banerjee, J. B. Cole, and T. Yatagai, “Colour characterization of a Morpho butterfly wing-scale using a high accuracy nonstandard finite-difference time-domain method,” Micron 38, 97-103 (2007). [CrossRef]

Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.

J. A. Roden and S. D. Gedney, “Convolutional PML (CPML): an efficient FDTD implementation of the CFS-PML for arbitrary media,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 27, 334-339 (2000). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photon.

R. A. Potyrailo, H. Ghiradella, A. Vertiatchikh, K. Dovidenko, J. R. Cournoyer, and E. Olson, “Morphobutterfly wing scales demonstrate highly selective vapour response,” Nat. Photon. 1, 123-128 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

B. Gralak, G. Tayeb, and S. Enoch, “Morphobutterflies wings color modeled with lamellar grating theory,” Opt. Express 9, 567-578 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Photonics Sci. News

P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, and H. Ghiradella, “Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales,” Photonics Sci. News 6, 61-68 (2000).

Phys. Rev. E

J. P. Vigneron, K. Kertesz, Z. Vertesy, M. Rassart, V. Lousse, Z. Balint, and L. P. Biro, “Correlated diffraction and fluorescence in the backscattering iridescence of the male butterfly Troides magellanus (Papilionidae),” Phys. Rev. E 78, 021903(2008). [CrossRef]

Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B

P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, C. R. Lawrence, and R. J. Wootton, “Limited-view iridescence in the butterfly Ancyluris meliboeus,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , 269, 7-14 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Yoshioka and S. Kinoshita, “Wavelength-selective and anisotropic light-diffusing scale on the wing of the Morphobutterfly,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 271, 581-587 (2004). [CrossRef]
P. Vukusic, J. R. Sambles, C. R. Lawrence, and R. J. Wooten, “Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 266, 1403-1411(1999). [CrossRef]

Rep. Prog. Phys.

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, and J. Miyazaki, “Physics of structural colors,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 71, 076401 (2008). [CrossRef]

Other

A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. (Artech, 2005).
R. T. Lee, “A novel technique for incorporating periodic boundaries into the FDTD method and the application to the study of structural color of insects,” Ph.D. thesis (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009).
S. Berthier, Iridescences: The Physical Colors of Insects (Springer, 2007).
H. Ghiradella, “Hairs, bristles, and scales,” in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, W. H. Frederick and L. Michael, eds. (Wiley-Liss, 1998), Vol. 11A, pp. 257-287.
“Standard terminology of appearance,” ASTM E 284 08 (ASTM International, 2008).
R. S. Berns, Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology, 3rd ed. (Wiley, 2000).
“Standard practice for computing the colors of objects by using the CIE system,” ASTM E 308 06 (ASTM International, 2006).

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