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Chromatic visual evoked potentials in young patients with demyelinating disease

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate color vision in young patients with demyelinating disease both clinically and electrophysiologically. Thirty young patients (8–28 years, mean age 19 years) with demyelinating disease with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON) were investigated. Color vision was evaluated clinically with the Ishihara test and the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue (FM 100 hue) test and electrophysiologically with chromatic visual evoked potentials (cVEPs). Color deficiency axis and error score (ES) obtained with the FM 100 hue test were analyzed. cVEPs to isoluminant red–green (R-G) and blue–yellow (B-Y) stimuli were recorded. The stimulus was a 7 deg circle composed of horizontal sinusoidal gratings with a spatial frequency of 2cycles/deg and 90% chromatic contrast. Onset–offset mode of stimulation (ON:OFF=300700ms) was used. Since the majority of the patients were adults (>18years), the negative wave (N wave) of the cVEP respones is the prominent part and therefore was analyzed. Sixty eyes were studied—22 with at least one episode of ON (ON group) and 38 without any clinically evident episode of ON (nON group). The average ES in the ON group was 179.18±171.8, whereas in the nON group it was 87.60±65.34. The average N-wave latency in the ON group was 144±44ms for the R-G stimulus and 146±56ms for the B-Y stimulus, whereas in the nON group, it was 117±13ms for the R-G stimulus and 121±22ms for the B-Y one. The average N-wave amplitude in the ON group was 9.3±7.1μV for the R-G stimulus and 5.1±3.9μV for the B-Y one, whereas in the nON group, it was 10.8±8.3μV for the R-G stimulus and 6.4±4.3μV for the B-Y one. A significant difference between the ON and the nON group was found: in the ON group, ES was higher (p=0.01) and N-wave latency was longer (p=0.01) compared with those in the nON group. The study showed that color vision is expectedly more affected in the ON group, but also often in the nON group, which may indicate increased parvocellular visual pathway vulnerability in demyelinating diseases.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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