Optics InfoBase > Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics > Volume 3 > Issue 1 > Page 18130
Two-axis magnetically-driven MEMS scanning catheter for endoscopic high-speed optical coherence tomography
Ki Hean Kim, B. H. Park, Gopi N. Maguluri, Tom W. Lee, Fran J. Rogomentich, Mirela G. Bancu, Brett E. Bouma, Johannes F. de Boer, and Jonathan J. Bernstein »View Author Affiliations
1Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
2Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
*Corresponding author: jbernstein@draper.com
Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 26, pp. 18130-18140 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.018130
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Abstract
A two-axis scanning catheter was developed for 3D endoscopic imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The catheter incorporates a micro-mirror scanner implemented with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology: the micro-mirror is mounted on a two-axis gimbal comprised of folded flexure hinges and is actuated by magnetic field. The scanner can run either statically in both axes or at the resonant frequency (>=350Hz) for the fast axis. The assembled catheter has an outer diameter of 2.8 mm and a rigid part of 12 mm in length. Its scanning range is ±20° in optical angle in both axes with low voltages (1~3V), resulting in a scannable length of approximately 1 mm at the surface in both axes, even with the small catheter size. The catheter was incorporated with a multi-functional SD-OCT system for 3D endoscopic imaging. Both intensity and polarization-sensitive images could be acquired simultaneously at 18.5K axial scans/s. In vivo 3D images of human fingertips and oral cavity tissue are presented as a demonstration.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(110.6880) Imaging systems : Three-dimensional image acquisition
(170.2150) Medical optics and biotechnology : Endoscopic imaging
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(350.3950) Other areas of optics : Micro-optics
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: August 15, 2007
Revised Manuscript: October 29, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: October 30, 2007
Published: December 19, 2007
Virtual Issues
Vol. 3, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Ki Hean Kim, B. H. Park, Gopi N. Maguluri, Tom W. Lee, Fran J. Rogomentich, Mirela G. Bancu, Brett E. Bouma, Johannes F. de Boer, and Jonathan J. Bernstein, "Two-axis magnetically-driven MEMS scanning catheter for endoscopic high-speed optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 15, 18130-18140 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-26-18130
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- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. M. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21,543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Segeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32,750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120,7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Brand, J. M. Poneros, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Optical coherence tomography in the gastrointestinal tract," Endoscopy 32,796-803 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32,921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276,2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. M. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21,543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Burns, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, "Imaging the mucosa of the human vocal fold with optical coherence tomography " Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 114,671-66 (2005). [PubMed]
- B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, B. Cense, S. H. Yun, M. Mujat, G. J. Tearney, B. E. Bouma, and J. F. de Boer, "Real-time fiber-based multi-functional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 um," Opt. Express 13,3931-3944 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- E. V. Zagaynova, O. S. Streltsova, N. D. Gladkova, L. B. Snopova, G. V. Gelikonov, F. I. Feldchtein, and A. N. Morozov, "In vivo optical coherence tomography feasibility for bladder disease," J. Urol. 167,1492-1496 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, "Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo," Nat. Med. 12,1429-1433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. R. Chinn, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography using a frequency-tunable optical source," Opt. Lett. 22,340-342 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Schuman, M. R. Hee, A. V. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C. A. Puliafito, J. G. Fujimoto, and E. A. Swanson, "Optical coherence tomography: a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis," Current opinion in Ophthalmology 6,89-95 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. A. Swanson, D. Huang, M. R. Hee, J. G. Fujimoto, C. P. Lin, and C. A. Puliafito, "High-speed optical coherence domain reflectometry," Opt. Lett. 17,151-153 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. Mitsui, Y. Takahashi, and Y. Watanabe, "A 2-axis optical scanner driven nonresonantly by electromagnetic force for OCT imaging," J. Micromech. Microeng. 16,2482-2487 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. X. D. Yang, M. L. Gordon, S.-j. Tang, N. E. Marcon, G. Gardiner, B. Qi, S. Bisland, E. Seng-Yue, S. Lo, J. Pekar, B. C. Wilson, and I. A. Vitkin, "High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part III): in vivo endoscopic imaging of blood flow in the rat and human gastrointestinal tracts," Opt. Express 11,2416-2424 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, "Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo," Nat. Med. 12,1429-1433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, I. K. Jang, and B. E. Bouma, "Optical coherence tomography for imaging the vulnerable plaque," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,021002 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, S. H. Yun, T. C. Chen, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo human retinal imaging by ultrahigh-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 29,480-482 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11,2953-2963 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved singla-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28,2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120,7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51,467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Brand, J. M. Poneros, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Optical coherence tomography in the gastrointestinal tract," Endoscopy 32,796-803 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. V. Shakhov, A. B. Terentjeva, V. A. Kamensky, L. B. Snopova, V. M. Gelikonov, F. I. Feldchtein, and A. M. Sergeev, "Optical coherence tomography monitoring for laser surgery of laryngeal carcinoma," J. Surg. Oncol. 77,253-258 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11,806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88,163901 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11,806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Mitsui, Y. Takahashi, and Y. Watanabe, "A 2-axis optical scanner driven nonresonantly by electromagnetic force for OCT imaging," J. Micromech. Microeng. 16,2482-2487 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11,806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. V. J. Sivak, K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Unq-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51,474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A. 117,331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- V. X. D. Yang, M. L. Gordon, S.-j. Tang, N. E. Marcon, G. Gardiner, B. Qi, S. Bisland, E. Seng-Yue, S. Lo, J. Pekar, B. C. Wilson, and I. A. Vitkin, "High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part III): in vivo endoscopic imaging of blood flow in the rat and human gastrointestinal tracts," Opt. Express 11,2416-2424 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, J. R. P., S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, "In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients," Laryngoscope 115,1904-1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. J. Sivak, K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Unq-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51,474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yaqoob, J. Wu, E. J. McDowell, X. Heng, and C. Yang, "Methods and application areas of endoscopic optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,063001 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10,636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. T. Pan, H. K. Xie, and G. K. Fedder, "Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Lett. 261966-1968 (2001). [CrossRef]
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- Z. Yaqoob, J. Wu, E. J. McDowell, X. Heng, and C. Yang, "Methods and application areas of endoscopic optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,063001 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A. 117,331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- V. X. D. Yang, M. L. Gordon, S.-j. Tang, N. E. Marcon, G. Gardiner, B. Qi, S. Bisland, E. Seng-Yue, S. Lo, J. Pekar, B. C. Wilson, and I. A. Vitkin, "High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part III): in vivo endoscopic imaging of blood flow in the rat and human gastrointestinal tracts," Opt. Express 11,2416-2424 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yaqoob, J. Wu, E. J. McDowell, X. Heng, and C. Yang, "Methods and application areas of endoscopic optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,063001 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A. 117,331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, B. J. Vakoc, M. Shishkov, W. Y. Oh, A. E. Desjardins, M. J. Suter, R. C. Chan, J. A. Evans, I. K. Jang, N. S. Nishioka, J. F. de Boer, and B. E. Bouma, "Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo," Nat. Med. 12,1429-1433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, B. Cense, S. H. Yun, M. Mujat, G. J. Tearney, B. E. Bouma, and J. F. de Boer, "Real-time fiber-based multi-functional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 um," Opt. Express 13,3931-3944 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, S. H. Yun, T. C. Chen, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo human retinal imaging by ultrahigh-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 29,480-482 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11,2953-2963 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. V. Zagaynova, O. S. Streltsova, N. D. Gladkova, L. B. Snopova, G. V. Gelikonov, F. I. Feldchtein, and A. N. Morozov, "In vivo optical coherence tomography feasibility for bladder disease," J. Urol. 167,1492-1496 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Zara, and P. E. Patterson, "Polyimide amplified piezoelectric scanning mirror for spectral domain optical coherence tomography," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,263901 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, "Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience," Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 115,277-284 (2006). [PubMed]
- J. A. Burns, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, "Imaging the mucosa of the human vocal fold with optical coherence tomography " Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 114,671-66 (2005). [PubMed]
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- W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11,806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, "Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience," Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 115,277-284 (2006). [PubMed]
- J. A. Burns, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, "Imaging the mucosa of the human vocal fold with optical coherence tomography " Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 114,671-66 (2005). [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- J. M. Zara, and P. E. Patterson, "Polyimide amplified piezoelectric scanning mirror for spectral domain optical coherence tomography," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,263901 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88,163901 (2006). [CrossRef]
Burns
- M. C. Pierce, R. L. Sheridan, B. H. Park, B. Cense, and J. F. de Boer, "Collagen denaturation can be quantified in burned human skin using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography " Burns 30,511-517 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Circulation
- H. Yabushita, B. E. Bouma, S. L. Houser, H. T. Aretz, I. K. Jang, K. H. Schlendorf, C. R. Kauffman, M. Shishkov, D. H. Kang, E. F. Halpern, and G. J. Tearney, "Characterization of human atherosclerosis by optical coherence tomography," Circulation 106,1640-1645 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Current opinion in Ophthalmology
- J. S. Schuman, M. R. Hee, A. V. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C. A. Puliafito, J. G. Fujimoto, and E. A. Swanson, "Optical coherence tomography: a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis," Current opinion in Ophthalmology 6,89-95 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Endoscopy
- S. Brand, J. M. Poneros, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Optical coherence tomography in the gastrointestinal tract," Endoscopy 32,796-803 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Segeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32,750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32,921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
Gastroenterology
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120,7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastrointest. Endosc.
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51,467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. J. Sivak, K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Unq-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51,474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10,636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11,806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- G. J. Tearney, I. K. Jang, and B. E. Bouma, "Optical coherence tomography for imaging the vulnerable plaque," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,021002 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. H. Park, C. Saxer, S. M. Srinivas, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo burn depth determination by high-speed fiber-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 6,474-479 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yaqoob, J. Wu, E. J. McDowell, X. Heng, and C. Yang, "Methods and application areas of endoscopic optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 11,063001 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10,044009 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Invest. Dermatol.
- M. C. Pierce, J. Strasswimmer, B. H. Park, B. Cense, and J. F. de Boer, "Advances in optical coherence tomography imaging for dermatology " J. Invest. Dermatol. 123,458-463 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Micromech. Microeng.
- T. Mitsui, Y. Takahashi, and Y. Watanabe, "A 2-axis optical scanner driven nonresonantly by electromagnetic force for OCT imaging," J. Micromech. Microeng. 16,2482-2487 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Surg. Oncol.
- A. V. Shakhov, A. B. Terentjeva, V. A. Kamensky, L. B. Snopova, V. M. Gelikonov, F. I. Feldchtein, and A. M. Sergeev, "Optical coherence tomography monitoring for laser surgery of laryngeal carcinoma," J. Surg. Oncol. 77,253-258 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Urol.
- E. V. Zagaynova, O. S. Streltsova, N. D. Gladkova, L. B. Snopova, G. V. Gelikonov, F. I. Feldchtein, and A. N. Morozov, "In vivo optical coherence tomography feasibility for bladder disease," J. Urol. 167,1492-1496 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.
- O. A. Meissner, J. Rieber, B. G., M. Oswald, S. Reim, U. Siebert, T. Redel, M. Reiser, and U. Mueller-Lisse, "Intravascular optical coherence tomography: comparison with histopathology in atherosclerotic peripheral artery specimens," J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 17,343-349 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Laryngoscope
- B. J. Wong, J. R. P., S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, "In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients," Laryngoscope 115,1904-1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Biotechnol.
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Nat. Med.
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