We report the experimental demonstration of optical stretching of individual bio-concave human red blood cells (RBCs) with one-dimensional jumping optical tweezers. We trapped a RBC in isotonic buffer solution in a conventional stationary single-beam gradient-force optical trap and discretely scanned the trapping beam with an acousto-optic modulator such that the focal point of the trapping beam jumped back-and-forth between two fixed points. At the jumping frequency on the order of a 100 Hz and higher, and the jumping distance in the range of a few microns, the biconcave RBC was stably trapped and stretched. The elongation of the stretched RBC was measured as a function of the beam-scanning amplitude, and the experimental results were explained qualitatively by a theoretical model.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

1. G. Bao and S. Suresh, "Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials," Nat. Maters. 2, 715-725 (2003). [CrossRef]
2. J. Guck, R. Ananthakrishnan, H. Mahmood, J. T. Moon, C. C. Cunninghan, and J. Kas, "The optical stretcher: a novel laser tool to micromanipulate cells," Biophys. J. 81, 767-784 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. A. Ashkin and J. M. Dziedzic, "Optical trapping and manipulation of single cell using infrared laser beams," Nature 330, 769-771 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. L. P. Ghislain and W. W. Webb, "Scanning-force microscope based on an optical trap," Opt. Lett. 18, 1678-1680 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. E.-L. Florin, A. Pralle, E. H. K. Stelzer, and. J. K. H. Horber, "Photonic force microscope calibration by thermal noise analysis," Appl. Phys. A 66, 75-78 (1998). [CrossRef]
6. M. T. Wei and A , Chiou, "Three-dimensional tracking of Brownian motion of a particle trapped in optical tweezers with a pair of orthogonal tracking beams and the determination of the associated optical force constants," Opt. Express 13, 5798-5806 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. M. T. Wei, K.-T. Yang, A. Karmenyan, and A , Chiou, "Three-dimensional optical force field on a Chinese hamster ovary cell in a fiber-optical dual-beam trap," Opt. Express 14, 3056-3064 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. M. J. Lang, C. L. Asbury, J. W. Shaevitz, and S. M. Block, "An automated two-dimensional optical force clamp for single molecule studies," Biophys. J. 83, 491-501 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. S. L. Liu, A. Karmenyan, M. T. Wei, C. C, Huang, C, H, Lin, and A, Chiou, "Optical forced oscillation for the study of lectin-glycoprotein interaction at the cellular membrane of a Chinese hamster ovary cell," Opt. Express 15, 2713-2723 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. M. T. Wei, K. F. Hua, J. Hsu, A. Karmenyan, K. Y. Tseng, C. H. Wong, H. Y. Hsu, and A , Chiou, "The interaction of lipopolysaccharides with membrane receptors on macrophages pre-treated with extract of Reshi polysaccharides measured by optical tweezers," Opt. Express 15, 11020-11032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. P. J. H. Bronkhorst, G. J. Streekstra, J. Grimbergen, E. J. Nijhof, J. J. Sixma, and Brakenhoff, "A new method to study shape recovery of red blood cells using multiple optical trapping," Biophys. J. 69, 1666-1673 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. S. He’non, G. Lenormand, A. Richert, and F. Gallet, "A new determination of the shear modulus of the human erythrocyte membrane using optical tweezers," Biophys. J. 76, 1145-1151 (1999). [CrossRef]
13. J. A. Dharmadhikari, S. Roy, A. K. Dharmadhikari, S. Sharma, and Mathur, "Natually occurring, optically driven,cellular rotor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6048-6050 (2004). [CrossRef]
14. J. A. Dharmadhikari, S. Roy, A. K. Dharmadhikari, S. Sharma, and Mathur, "Torque-generating malaria infected red blood cells in an optical trap," Opt. Express 12, 1179-1184 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. J. Guck, S. Schinkinger, B. Lincoln, F. Wottawah, S. Ebert, M. Romeyke, D. Lenz, H. M. Erickson, R. Ananthakrishnan, Daniel Mitchell, J. Kas, S. Ulvick, and Curt Bilby, "Optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for testing malignant transformation and metastatic competence," Biophys. J. 88, 3689-3698 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. M. Gu, S. Kuriakose, and X. Gan, "A single beam near-field laser trap for optical stretching, folding and rotation of erythrocytes," Opt. Express 15, 1369-1375 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. M. Gu, J.-B. Haumonte, Y. Micheau, and J. W. M. Chon, "Laser trapping and mainpulation under focused evanescent wave illumination," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4236-4238 (2004). [CrossRef]
18. P. H. Jones, E. Stride, and N. Saffari, "Trapping and manipulation of microscopic bubbles with a scanning optical tweezer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 081113 (2006). [CrossRef]
19. L. A. Hough and H. D. Ou-Yang, "A new probe for mechanical testing of nanostructures in soft materials," J. Nanopart. Res. 1, 495-499 (1999). [CrossRef]
20. W. G. Lee, H. Bang, J. Park, S. Chung, K. Cho, C. Chung, D.-C. Han, and J. K. Chang, "Combined microchannel-type erythrocyte deformability test with optical tweezers," Proc. SPIE. 6088, 608813-1-12 (2006). [CrossRef]
21. P. B. Bareil, Y. Sheng, and A. Chiou, "Local stress distribution on the surface of a spherical cell in an optical stretcher," Opt. Express 14, 12503-12509 (2006). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. A

• E.-L. Florin, A. Pralle, E. H. K. Stelzer, and. J. K. H. Horber, "Photonic force microscope calibration by thermal noise analysis," Appl. Phys. A 66, 75-78 (1998). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• J. A. Dharmadhikari, S. Roy, A. K. Dharmadhikari, S. Sharma, and Mathur, "Natually occurring, optically driven,cellular rotor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6048-6050 (2004). [CrossRef]
• M. Gu, J.-B. Haumonte, Y. Micheau, and J. W. M. Chon, "Laser trapping and mainpulation under focused evanescent wave illumination," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4236-4238 (2004). [CrossRef]
• P. H. Jones, E. Stride, and N. Saffari, "Trapping and manipulation of microscopic bubbles with a scanning optical tweezer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 081113 (2006). [CrossRef]

Biophys. J.

• J. Guck, S. Schinkinger, B. Lincoln, F. Wottawah, S. Ebert, M. Romeyke, D. Lenz, H. M. Erickson, R. Ananthakrishnan, Daniel Mitchell, J. Kas, S. Ulvick, and Curt Bilby, "Optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for testing malignant transformation and metastatic competence," Biophys. J. 88, 3689-3698 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Guck, R. Ananthakrishnan, H. Mahmood, J. T. Moon, C. C. Cunninghan, and J. Kas, "The optical stretcher: a novel laser tool to micromanipulate cells," Biophys. J. 81, 767-784 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. J. Lang, C. L. Asbury, J. W. Shaevitz, and S. M. Block, "An automated two-dimensional optical force clamp for single molecule studies," Biophys. J. 83, 491-501 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• P. J. H. Bronkhorst, G. J. Streekstra, J. Grimbergen, E. J. Nijhof, J. J. Sixma, and Brakenhoff, "A new method to study shape recovery of red blood cells using multiple optical trapping," Biophys. J. 69, 1666-1673 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. He’non, G. Lenormand, A. Richert, and F. Gallet, "A new determination of the shear modulus of the human erythrocyte membrane using optical tweezers," Biophys. J. 76, 1145-1151 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Nanopart. Res.

• L. A. Hough and H. D. Ou-Yang, "A new probe for mechanical testing of nanostructures in soft materials," J. Nanopart. Res. 1, 495-499 (1999). [CrossRef]

Nat. Maters.

• G. Bao and S. Suresh, "Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials," Nat. Maters. 2, 715-725 (2003). [CrossRef]

Nature

• A. Ashkin and J. M. Dziedzic, "Optical trapping and manipulation of single cell using infrared laser beams," Nature 330, 769-771 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• M. T. Wei and A , Chiou, "Three-dimensional tracking of Brownian motion of a particle trapped in optical tweezers with a pair of orthogonal tracking beams and the determination of the associated optical force constants," Opt. Express 13, 5798-5806 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. T. Wei, K.-T. Yang, A. Karmenyan, and A , Chiou, "Three-dimensional optical force field on a Chinese hamster ovary cell in a fiber-optical dual-beam trap," Opt. Express 14, 3056-3064 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. L. Liu, A. Karmenyan, M. T. Wei, C. C, Huang, C, H, Lin, and A, Chiou, "Optical forced oscillation for the study of lectin-glycoprotein interaction at the cellular membrane of a Chinese hamster ovary cell," Opt. Express 15, 2713-2723 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. T. Wei, K. F. Hua, J. Hsu, A. Karmenyan, K. Y. Tseng, C. H. Wong, H. Y. Hsu, and A , Chiou, "The interaction of lipopolysaccharides with membrane receptors on macrophages pre-treated with extract of Reshi polysaccharides measured by optical tweezers," Opt. Express 15, 11020-11032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Gu, S. Kuriakose, and X. Gan, "A single beam near-field laser trap for optical stretching, folding and rotation of erythrocytes," Opt. Express 15, 1369-1375 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. A. Dharmadhikari, S. Roy, A. K. Dharmadhikari, S. Sharma, and Mathur, "Torque-generating malaria infected red blood cells in an optical trap," Opt. Express 12, 1179-1184 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• P. B. Bareil, Y. Sheng, and A. Chiou, "Local stress distribution on the surface of a spherical cell in an optical stretcher," Opt. Express 14, 12503-12509 (2006). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

• L. P. Ghislain and W. W. Webb, "Scanning-force microscope based on an optical trap," Opt. Lett. 18, 1678-1680 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• W. G. Lee, H. Bang, J. Park, S. Chung, K. Cho, C. Chung, D.-C. Han, and J. K. Chang, "Combined microchannel-type erythrocyte deformability test with optical tweezers," Proc. SPIE. 6088, 608813-1-12 (2006). [CrossRef]

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