Hybrid shear force feedback/scanning quantitative phase microscopy applied to subsurface imaging

doi:10.1364/OE.17.018408

Hybrid shear force feedback/scanning quantitative phase microscopy applied to subsurface imaging

Kert Edward, Faramarz Farahi, and Robert Hocken »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 18408-18418 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.018408

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Abstract

Quantitative phase microscopy allows for the study of the surface morphology and dynamics of transparent biological specimens. Although phase data often contains coupled subsurface information, decoupling the surface and subsurface components is often very difficult or impossible. We hereby present a simple procedure which exploits simultaneous obtained quantitative phase and shear-force feedback topography data to extract subsurface sample information. Our results reveal subsurface features in fabricated samples and fish erythrocytes.

OCIS Codes
(100.2960) Image processing : Image analysis
(110.4190) Imaging systems : Multiple imaging
(120.5050) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Phase measurement
(170.1530) Medical optics and biotechnology : Cell analysis
(170.6900) Medical optics and biotechnology : Three-dimensional microscopy
(180.5810) Microscopy : Scanning microscopy
(100.3175) Image processing : Interferometric imaging

ToC Category:
Microscopy

History
Original Manuscript: June 1, 2009
Revised Manuscript: July 20, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: August 11, 2009
Published: September 28, 2009

Virtual Issues
Vol. 4, Iss. 12 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Kert Edward, Faramarz Farahi, and Robert Hocken, "Hybrid shear force feedback/scanning quantitative phase microscopy applied to subsurface imaging," Opt. Express 17, 18408-18418 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18408

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References

O. W. Richards, “Phase microscopy 1950-1954,” Science 120(3121), 631–639 (1954). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Zernike, “How I discovered phase contrast,” Science 121(3141), 345–349 (1955). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Pluta, “Nomarski's DIC microscopy: a review,” Proc. SPIE 1846, 10–25 (1994). [CrossRef]
X. Li, T. Yamauchi, H. Iwai, Y. Yamashita, H. Zhang, and T. Hiruma, “Full-field quantitative phase imaging by white-light interferometry with active phase stabilization and its application to biological samples,” Opt. Lett. 31(12), 1830–1832 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Popescu, L. P. Deflores, J. C. Vaughan, K. Badizadegan, H. Iwai, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Fourier phase microscopy for investigation of biological structures and dynamics,” Opt. Lett. 29(21), 2503–2505 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Lue, W. Choi, G. Popescu, T. Ikeda, R. R. Dasari, K. Badizadegan, and M. S. Feld, “Quantitative phase imaging of live cells using fast Fourier phase microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 46(10), 1836–1842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. S. Rockward, A. L. Thomas, B. Zhao, and C. A. Dimarzio, “Quantitative phase measurements using optical quadrature microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 47(10), 1684–1696 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. W. Wolberg, W. N. Street, and O. L. Mangasarian, “Importance of Nuclear Morphology in Breast,” Cancer Prognosis Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 3542–3548 (1999).
N. Lue, G. Popescu, T. Ikeda, R. R. Dasari, K. Badizadegan, and M. S. Feld, “Live cell refractometry using microfluidic devices,” Opt. Lett. 31(18), 2759–2761 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Rappaz, P. Marquet, E. Cuche, Y. Emery, C. Depeursinge, and P. Magistretti, “Measurement of the integral refractive index and dynamic cell morphometry of living cells with digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Express 13(23), 9361–9373 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?&uri=oe-13-23-9361 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. E. Marquis, “Immersion refractometry of isolated bacterial cell walls,” J. Bacteriol. 116(3), 1273–1279 (1973). [PubMed]
L. K. Chin, C. S. Lim, P. H. Yap, J. H. Ng, J. Z. Hao, S. Takahashi, and A. Q. Liu, “Single Living Cell Refractometry using FBG-Based Resonant Cavity,” Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2007. Transducers 2007. International 10–14 June 2007, pp. 851–854.
J. Lai, Z. Li, C. Wang, and A. He, “Experimental measurement of the refractive index of biological tissues by total internal reflection,” Appl. Opt. 44(10), 1845–1849 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Edward, T. W. Mayes, B. Hocken, and F. Farahi, “Trimodal imaging system capable of quantitative phase imaging without 2 π ambiguities,” Opt. Lett. 33(3), 216–218 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Servin, J. L. Marroquin, D. Malacara, and F. J. Cuevas, “Phase unwrapping with a regularized phase-tracking system,” Appl. Opt. 37(10), 1917–1923 (1998). [CrossRef]
L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and X. Liu, “Terahertz multiwavelength phase imaging without 2π ambiguity,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3668–3670 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Polhemus, “Two-wavelength interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 12(9), 2071–2074 (1973). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. de Lange, A. Cambi, R. Huijbens, B. de Bakker, W. Rensen, M. Garcia-Parajo, N. van Hulst, and C. G. Figdor, “Cell biology beyond the diffraction limit: near-field scanning optical microscopy,” J. Cell Sci. 114(Pt 23), 4153–4160 (2001). [PubMed]
K. Karrai and R. D. Grober, “Piezoelectric tip-sample distance control for near field optical microscopes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 4272–4276 (2000).
E. H. W. Meijering, K. J. Zuiderveld, and M. A. Viergever, “Image registration for digital subtraction angiography,” Int. J. Comput. Vis. 31(2/3), 227–246 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. Najiah, M. Dahirah, H. Marina, S. W. Lee, and W. H. Nazaha, “Quantitative comparisons of erythrocyte morphology in healthy freshwater fish species from Malaysia,” Research J. Fisheries and Hydrobio. 3, 32–35 (2008).

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[1] O. W. Richards, “Phase microscopy 1950-1954,” Science 120(3121), 631–639 (1954). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] F. Zernike, “How I discovered phase contrast,” Science 121(3141), 345–349 (1955). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] M. Pluta, “Nomarski's DIC microscopy: a review,” Proc. SPIE 1846, 10–25 (1994). [CrossRef]

[4] X. Li, T. Yamauchi, H. Iwai, Y. Yamashita, H. Zhang, and T. Hiruma, “Full-field quantitative phase imaging by white-light interferometry with active phase stabilization and its application to biological samples,” Opt. Lett. 31(12), 1830–1832 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] G. Popescu, L. P. Deflores, J. C. Vaughan, K. Badizadegan, H. Iwai, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Fourier phase microscopy for investigation of biological structures and dynamics,” Opt. Lett. 29(21), 2503–2505 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] N. Lue, W. Choi, G. Popescu, T. Ikeda, R. R. Dasari, K. Badizadegan, and M. S. Feld, “Quantitative phase imaging of live cells using fast Fourier phase microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 46(10), 1836–1842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] W. S. Rockward, A. L. Thomas, B. Zhao, and C. A. Dimarzio, “Quantitative phase measurements using optical quadrature microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 47(10), 1684–1696 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] H. W. Wolberg, W. N. Street, and O. L. Mangasarian, “Importance of Nuclear Morphology in Breast,” Cancer Prognosis Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 3542–3548 (1999).

[9] N. Lue, G. Popescu, T. Ikeda, R. R. Dasari, K. Badizadegan, and M. S. Feld, “Live cell refractometry using microfluidic devices,” Opt. Lett. 31(18), 2759–2761 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] B. Rappaz, P. Marquet, E. Cuche, Y. Emery, C. Depeursinge, and P. Magistretti, “Measurement of the integral refractive index and dynamic cell morphometry of living cells with digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Express 13(23), 9361–9373 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?&uri=oe-13-23-9361 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] R. E. Marquis, “Immersion refractometry of isolated bacterial cell walls,” J. Bacteriol. 116(3), 1273–1279 (1973). [PubMed]

[12] L. K. Chin, C. S. Lim, P. H. Yap, J. H. Ng, J. Z. Hao, S. Takahashi, and A. Q. Liu, “Single Living Cell Refractometry using FBG-Based Resonant Cavity,” Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2007. Transducers 2007. International 10–14 June 2007, pp. 851–854.

[13] J. Lai, Z. Li, C. Wang, and A. He, “Experimental measurement of the refractive index of biological tissues by total internal reflection,” Appl. Opt. 44(10), 1845–1849 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] K. Edward, T. W. Mayes, B. Hocken, and F. Farahi, “Trimodal imaging system capable of quantitative phase imaging without 2 π ambiguities,” Opt. Lett. 33(3), 216–218 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] M. Servin, J. L. Marroquin, D. Malacara, and F. J. Cuevas, “Phase unwrapping with a regularized phase-tracking system,” Appl. Opt. 37(10), 1917–1923 (1998). [CrossRef]

[16] L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and X. Liu, “Terahertz multiwavelength phase imaging without 2π ambiguity,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3668–3670 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] C. Polhemus, “Two-wavelength interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 12(9), 2071–2074 (1973). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] F. de Lange, A. Cambi, R. Huijbens, B. de Bakker, W. Rensen, M. Garcia-Parajo, N. van Hulst, and C. G. Figdor, “Cell biology beyond the diffraction limit: near-field scanning optical microscopy,” J. Cell Sci. 114(Pt 23), 4153–4160 (2001). [PubMed]

[19] K. Karrai and R. D. Grober, “Piezoelectric tip-sample distance control for near field optical microscopes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 4272–4276 (2000).

[20] E. H. W. Meijering, K. J. Zuiderveld, and M. A. Viergever, “Image registration for digital subtraction angiography,” Int. J. Comput. Vis. 31(2/3), 227–246 (1999). [CrossRef]

[21] M. Najiah, M. Dahirah, H. Marina, S. W. Lee, and W. H. Nazaha, “Quantitative comparisons of erythrocyte morphology in healthy freshwater fish species from Malaysia,” Research J. Fisheries and Hydrobio. 3, 32–35 (2008).

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Hybrid shear force feedback/scanning quantitative phase microscopy applied to subsurface imaging