In this paper we present trap profile measurements for HeLa cells in Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET) based on a data projector. The data projector is used as a light source to illuminate amorphous Si creating virtual electrodes which are used to trap particles through dielectrophoresis. We show that although the trap stiffness is typically greater at the edges of the optical spot it is possible to create a trap with constant trap stiffness by reducing the trap’s size until it is similar to the object being trapped. We have successfully created a trap for HeLa cells with a constant trap stiffness of 3x10-6 Nm-1 (capable of moving the cell up to 50μms-1) with a 12μm diameter trap. We also calculate the depth of the potential well that the cell will experience due to the trap and find that it to be 1.6x10-16J (4x104 kBT).

© 2009 Optical Society of America

1. P. Y. Chiou, A. T. Ohta, and M. C. Wu, "Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images," Nature 436, 370-372 (2005). [CrossRef]
2. S. L. Neale, M. Mazilu, J. I. B. Wilson, K. Dholakia, and T. F. Krauss, "The resolution of optical traps created by light induced dielectrophoresis (LIDEP)," Opt. Express 15, 12619-12626 (2007). [CrossRef]
3. P. Y. Chiou, A. T. Ohta, and M. C. Wu, "Toward all optical lab-on-a-chip system: optical manipulation of both microfluid and microscopic particles," Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5514, 73-81 (2004).
4. Y.S. Lu, Y.P. Huang, J.A. Yeh, C. Lee and Y.H. Chang, "Controllability of non-contact manipulation by image dielectrophoresis" Opt. Quantum Electron. 37, 1385-1395 (2005). [CrossRef]
5. H. Hwang, Y. J. Choi, W. Choi, S. H. Kim, J. Jang, and J. K. Park, "Interactive manipulation of blood cells using a lens-integrated liquid crystal display based optoelectronic tweezers system," Electrophoresis 29, 1203-1212 (2008). [CrossRef]
6. A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, H. L. Phan, S. W. Sherwood, J. M. Yang, A. N. K. Lau, H. Y. Hsu, A. Jamshidi, and M. C. Wu, "Optically controlled cell discrimination and trapping using optoelectronic tweezers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13, 235-243 (2007). [CrossRef]
7. A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, T. H. Han, J. C. Liao, U. Bhardwaj, E. R. B. McCabe, F. Yu, R. Sun, and M. C. Wu, "Dynamic Cell and Microparticle Control via Optoelectronic Tweezers," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 16, 491-499 (2007). [CrossRef]
8. C. Hsien-Chang, C. Chao-Hung, I. F. Cheng, and L. Chi-Chang, "Manipulation of Bioparticles on Electrodeless Dielectrophoretic Chip Based on AC Electrokinetic Control," in Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2007. NEMS '07. 2nd IEEE International Conference on (2007), pp. 1175-1178.
9. A. Jamshidi, P. J. Pauzauskie, P. J. Schuck, A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, J. Chou, P. D. Yang, and M. C. Wu, "Dynamic manipulation and separation of individual semiconducting and metallic nanowires," Nature Photonics 2, 85-89 (2008). [CrossRef]
10. M. Hoeb, J. O. Radler, S. Klein, M. Stutzmann, and M. S. Brandt, "Light-induced dielectrophoretic manipulation of DNA," Biophys. J. 93, 1032-1038 (2007). [CrossRef]
11. C. F. Chou, J. O. Tegenfeldt, O. Bakajin, S. S. Chan, E. C. Cox, N. Darnton, T. Duke, and R. H. Austin, "Electrodeless dielectrophoresis of single- and double-stranded DNA," Biophys. J. 83, 2170-2179 (2002). [CrossRef]
12. A. T. Ohta, A. Jamshidi, J. K. Valley, H.-Y. Hsu, and M. C. Wu, "Optically actuated thermocapillary movement of gas bubbles on an absorbing substrate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 074103-074103 (2007). [CrossRef]
13. S. Grilli, and P. Ferraro, "Dielectrophoretic trapping of suspended particles by selective pyroelectric effect in lithium niobate crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 3 (2008). [CrossRef]
14. J. K. Valley, A. Jamshidi, A. T. Ohta, H. Hsan-Yin, and M. C. Wu, "Operational regimes and physics present in optoelectronic tweezers," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 17, 342-350 (2008). [CrossRef]
15. M.P. Hughes, Nanoelectromechanics in engineering and biology, CRC Press (2003).
16. A. R. Minerick, R. H. Zhou, P. Takhistov, and H. C. Chang, "Manipulation and characterization of red blood cells with alternating current fields in microdevices," Electrophoresis 24, 3703-3717 (2003). [CrossRef]
17. M. Hollinshead, A. Vanderplasschen, G. L. Smith, and D. J. Vaux, "Vaccinia virus intracellular mature virions contain only one lipid membrane," J. Virol. 73, 1503-1517 (1999).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• A. T. Ohta, A. Jamshidi, J. K. Valley, H.-Y. Hsu, and M. C. Wu, "Optically actuated thermocapillary movement of gas bubbles on an absorbing substrate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 074103-074103 (2007). [CrossRef]
• S. Grilli, and P. Ferraro, "Dielectrophoretic trapping of suspended particles by selective pyroelectric effect in lithium niobate crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 3 (2008). [CrossRef]

Biophys. J.

• M. Hoeb, J. O. Radler, S. Klein, M. Stutzmann, and M. S. Brandt, "Light-induced dielectrophoretic manipulation of DNA," Biophys. J. 93, 1032-1038 (2007). [CrossRef]
• C. F. Chou, J. O. Tegenfeldt, O. Bakajin, S. S. Chan, E. C. Cox, N. Darnton, T. Duke, and R. H. Austin, "Electrodeless dielectrophoresis of single- and double-stranded DNA," Biophys. J. 83, 2170-2179 (2002). [CrossRef]

Electrophoresis

• A. R. Minerick, R. H. Zhou, P. Takhistov, and H. C. Chang, "Manipulation and characterization of red blood cells with alternating current fields in microdevices," Electrophoresis 24, 3703-3717 (2003). [CrossRef]
• H. Hwang, Y. J. Choi, W. Choi, S. H. Kim, J. Jang, and J. K. Park, "Interactive manipulation of blood cells using a lens-integrated liquid crystal display based optoelectronic tweezers system," Electrophoresis 29, 1203-1212 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, H. L. Phan, S. W. Sherwood, J. M. Yang, A. N. K. Lau, H. Y. Hsu, A. Jamshidi, and M. C. Wu, "Optically controlled cell discrimination and trapping using optoelectronic tweezers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13, 235-243 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

• A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, T. H. Han, J. C. Liao, U. Bhardwaj, E. R. B. McCabe, F. Yu, R. Sun, and M. C. Wu, "Dynamic Cell and Microparticle Control via Optoelectronic Tweezers," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 16, 491-499 (2007). [CrossRef]
• J. K. Valley, A. Jamshidi, A. T. Ohta, H. Hsan-Yin, and M. C. Wu, "Operational regimes and physics present in optoelectronic tweezers," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 17, 342-350 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Virol.

• M. Hollinshead, A. Vanderplasschen, G. L. Smith, and D. J. Vaux, "Vaccinia virus intracellular mature virions contain only one lipid membrane," J. Virol. 73, 1503-1517 (1999).

Nature

• P. Y. Chiou, A. T. Ohta, and M. C. Wu, "Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images," Nature 436, 370-372 (2005). [CrossRef]

Nature Photonics

• A. Jamshidi, P. J. Pauzauskie, P. J. Schuck, A. T. Ohta, P. Y. Chiou, J. Chou, P. D. Yang, and M. C. Wu, "Dynamic manipulation and separation of individual semiconducting and metallic nanowires," Nature Photonics 2, 85-89 (2008). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• S. L. Neale, M. Mazilu, J. I. B. Wilson, K. Dholakia, and T. F. Krauss, "The resolution of optical traps created by light induced dielectrophoresis (LIDEP)," Opt. Express 15, 12619-12626 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Quantum Electron.

• Y.S. Lu, Y.P. Huang, J.A. Yeh, C. Lee and Y.H. Chang, "Controllability of non-contact manipulation by image dielectrophoresis" Opt. Quantum Electron. 37, 1385-1395 (2005). [CrossRef]

Other

• P. Y. Chiou, A. T. Ohta, and M. C. Wu, "Toward all optical lab-on-a-chip system: optical manipulation of both microfluid and microscopic particles," Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5514, 73-81 (2004).
• C. Hsien-Chang, C. Chao-Hung, I. F. Cheng, and L. Chi-Chang, "Manipulation of Bioparticles on Electrodeless Dielectrophoretic Chip Based on AC Electrokinetic Control," in Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2007. NEMS '07. 2nd IEEE International Conference on (2007), pp. 1175-1178.
• M.P. Hughes, Nanoelectromechanics in engineering and biology, CRC Press (2003).

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