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Offset-frequency locking of extended-cavity diode lasers for precision spectroscopy of water at 1.38 μmA. Castrillo, E. Fasci, G. Galzerano, G. Casa, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani »View Author Affiliations
A. Castrillo,1
E. Fasci,1
G. Galzerano,2
G. Casa,1
P. Laporta,2
and L. Gianfrani1,*
1Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali della Seconda Università di Napoli, and CNISM - Unità Napoli 2, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy 2Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy *Corresponding author: livio.gianfrani@unina2.it |
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 21, pp. 21851-21860 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.021851
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Abstract
We describe a continuous-wave diode laser spectrometer for water-vapour precision spectroscopy at 1.38 μm. The spectrometer is based upon the use of a simple scheme for offset-frequency locking of a pair of extended-cavity diode lasers that allows to achieve high levels of accuracy and reproducibility in measuring molecular absorption. When locked to the master laser with an offset frequency of 1.5 GHz, the slave laser exhibits residual frequency fluctuations of ∼ 1 kHz over a time interval of 25 minutes, for a 1-s integration time. The slave laser could be continuously tuned up to 3 GHz, the scan showing relative deviations from linearity below the 10−6 level. Simultaneously, a capture range of the order of 1 GHz was obtained. Quantitative spectroscopy was also demonstrated by accurately determining relevant spectroscopic parameters for the 22,1→22,0 line of the H218O ν1+ν3 band at 1384.6008 nm.
© 2010 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(300.6260) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, diode lasers
(300.6390) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, molecular
(140.3425) Lasers and laser optics : Laser stabilization
ToC Category:
Spectroscopy
History
Original Manuscript: July 30, 2010
Revised Manuscript: September 23, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: September 23, 2010
Published: September 29, 2010
Virtual Issues
Vol. 5, Iss. 14 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
A. Castrillo, E. Fasci, G. Galzerano, G. Casa, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, "Offset-frequency locking of extended-cavity diode lasers for precision spectroscopy of water at 1.38 μm," Opt. Express 18, 21851-21860 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-21-21851
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References
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- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. ?imecková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Primary gas thermometry by means of laser absorption spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 200801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gambetta, E. Fasci, A. Castrillo, M. Marangoni, G. Galzerano, G. Casa, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Frequency metrology in the near-infrared spectrum of H2 17O and H2 18O molecules: Testing a new inversion method for energy levels retrieval,” N. J. Phys.in press.
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- G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Primary gas thermometry by means of laser absorption spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 200801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gambetta, E. Fasci, A. Castrillo, M. Marangoni, G. Galzerano, G. Casa, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Frequency metrology in the near-infrared spectrum of H2 17O and H2 18O molecules: Testing a new inversion method for energy levels retrieval,” N. J. Phys.in press.
- G. Galzerano, A. Gambetta, E. Fasci, A. Castrillo, M. Marangoni, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Absolute frequency measurement of a water-stabilized diode laser at 1.384 mm by means of a fiber frequency comb,” Appl. Phys. B. in press.
- A. Merlone, F. Moro, A. Castrillo, and L. Gianfrani, “Design and capabilities of the temperature control system for the Italian experiment based upon precision laser spectroscopy for a new determination of the Boltzmann constant,” Int. J. Thermophys.in press.
- G. Ritt, G. Cennini, C. Geckeler, and M. Weitz, “Laser frequency offset locking using a side of filter technique,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 363–365 (2004). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. ?imecková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet, “Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 250801 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. ?imecková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Ciurylo, “Shape of pressure- and Doppler-broadened spectral lines in the core and near wings,” Phys. Rev. A 58, 1029–1039 (1998). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. ?imecková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. ?imecková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, “The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533–572 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- G. Galzerano, A. Gambetta, E. Fasci, A. Castrillo, M. Marangoni, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Absolute frequency measurement of a water-stabilized diode laser at 1.384 mm by means of a fiber frequency comb,” Appl. Phys. B. in press.
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- A. Gambetta, E. Fasci, A. Castrillo, M. Marangoni, G. Galzerano, G. Casa, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Frequency metrology in the near-infrared spectrum of H2 17O and H2 18O molecules: Testing a new inversion method for energy levels retrieval,” N. J. Phys.in press.
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Rev. Sci. Instrum.
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- J. Hughes, and C. Fertig, “A widely tunable laser frequency offset lock with digital counting,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 103104 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani, “Primary gas thermometry by means of laser absorption spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 200801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet, “Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 250801 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Cacciapuoti, M. de Angelis, M. Fattori, G. Lamporesi, T. Petelski, M. Prevedelli, J. Stuhler, and G. M. Tino, “Analog+digital phase and frequency detector for phase docking of diode lasers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 053111 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- U. Schünemann, H. Engler, R. Grimm, M. Weidemüller, and M. Zielonkowski, “Simple scheme for tunable frequency offset locking of two lasers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 242–243 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. Stace, A. N. Luiten, and R. P. Kovacich, “Laser offset-frequency locking using a frequency-to-voltage converter,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 9, 1635–1637 (1998). [CrossRef]
- R. Ciurylo, “Shape of pressure- and Doppler-broadened spectral lines in the core and near wings,” Phys. Rev. A 58, 1029–1039 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Grossmann, and E. V. Browell, “Spectroscopy of water vapor in the 720-nm wavelength region: Line strengths, self-induced pressure broadenings and shifts, and temperature dependence of linewidths and shifts,” J. Mol. Spectrosc. 136, 264–294 (1989). [CrossRef]
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