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Full range characterization of the Raman spectra of organs in a murine modelNaiyan Huang, Michael Short, Jianhua Zhao, Hequn Wang, Harvey Lui, Mladen Korbelik, and Haishan Zeng »View Author Affiliations
Naiyan Huang,1,2,3
Michael Short,1
Jianhua Zhao,1,2
Hequn Wang,1,2
Harvey Lui,1,2
Mladen Korbelik,1
and Haishan Zeng1,2,*
1Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada 2Laboratory for Advanced Medical Photonics, Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4E8, BC, Canada 3Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China *Corresponding author: hzeng@bccrc.ca |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 23, pp. 22892-22909 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.022892
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a minimally-invasive optical technique with great potential for in vivo cancer detection and disease diagnosis. However, there is no systematic study of the Raman spectra from different organs to date. We measured and characterized the Raman spectra eighteen naïve mouse organs in a broad frequency range of 700 to 3100 cm−1. The peaks of generic proteins and lipids appeared in Raman spectra of all organs. Some organs like bone, teeth, brain and lung had unique Raman peaks. The autofluorescence was strong in liver, spleen, heart, and kidney. These results suggest that organ specific Raman probe design and specific data processing strategies are required in order to get the most useful information.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(000.1430) General : Biology and medicine
(170.1470) Medical optics and biotechnology : Blood or tissue constituent monitoring
(170.5660) Medical optics and biotechnology : Raman spectroscopy
(170.6510) Medical optics and biotechnology : Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: August 8, 2011
Revised Manuscript: October 6, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: October 6, 2011
Published: October 27, 2011
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Naiyan Huang, Michael Short, Jianhua Zhao, Hequn Wang, Harvey Lui, Mladen Korbelik, and Haishan Zeng, "Full range characterization of the Raman spectra of organs in a murine model," Opt. Express 19, 22892-22909 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-23-22892
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- W.-T. Cheng, M.-T. Liu, H.-N. Liu, and S.-Y. Lin, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy used to identify and grade human skin pilomatrixoma,” Microsc. Res. Tech.68(2), 75–79 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gniadecka, O. Faurskov Nielsen, D. H. Christensen, and H. C. Wulf, “Structure of water, proteins, and lipids in intact human skin, hair, and nail,” J. Invest. Dermatol.110(4), 393–398 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Y. Sha, H. Xu, M. J. Natan, and R. Cromer, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering tags for rapid and homogeneous detection of circulating tumor cells in the presence of human whole blood,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.130(51), 17214–17215 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. Smith, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy for identification of epithelial cancers,” Faraday Discuss.126, 141–157, discussion 169–183 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Crow, N. Stone, C. A. Kendall, J. S. Uff, J. A. Farmer, H. Barr, and M. P. Wright, “The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify and grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in vitro,” Br. J. Cancer89(1), 106–108 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, N. Shepherd, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.33(7), 564–573 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. S. Haka, K. E. Shafer-Peltier, M. Fitzmaurice, J. Crowe, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Diagnosing breast cancer by using Raman spectroscopy,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.102(35), 12371–12376 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. E. Kast, G. K. Serhatkulu, A. Cao, A. K. Pandya, H. Dai, J. S. Thakur, V. M. Naik, R. Naik, M. D. Klein, G. W. Auner, and R. Rabah, “Raman spectroscopy can differentiate malignant tumors from normal breast tissue and detect early neoplastic changes in a mouse model,” Biopolymers89(3), 235–241 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. Smith, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy for identification of epithelial cancers,” Faraday Discuss.126, 141–157, discussion 169–183 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Murali Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, M. S. Vidyasagar, M. Manfait, D. J. Fernanades, B. M. Vadhiraja, and K. Maheedhar, “An overview on applications of optical spectroscopy in cervical cancers,” J. Cancer Res. Ther.4(1), 26–36 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D. Keller, E. M. Kanter, C. A. Lieber, S. K. Majumder, J. Hutchings, D. L. Ellis, R. B. Beaven, N. Stone, and A. Mahadevan-Jansen, “Detecting temporal and spatial effects of epithelial cancers with Raman spectroscopy,” Dis. Markers25(6), 323–337 (2008). [PubMed]
- G. Shetty, C. Kendall, N. Shepherd, N. Stone, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy: elucidation of biochemical changes in carcinogenesis of oesophagus,” Br. J. Cancer94(10), 1460–1464 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. Smith, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy for identification of epithelial cancers,” Faraday Discuss.126, 141–157, discussion 169–183 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Crow, N. Stone, C. A. Kendall, J. S. Uff, J. A. Farmer, H. Barr, and M. P. Wright, “The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify and grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in vitro,” Br. J. Cancer89(1), 106–108 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, N. Shepherd, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.33(7), 564–573 (2002). [CrossRef]
- L. Seballos, J. Z. Zhang, and R. Sutphen, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of lysophosphatidic acid,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.383(5), 763–767 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J.90(2), 648–656 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Teh, W. Zheng, K. Y. Ho, M. Teh, K. G. Yeoh, and Z. Huang, “Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the stomach: differentiating dysplasia from normal tissue,” Br. J. Cancer98(2), 457–465 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Teh, W. Zheng, K. Y. Ho, M. Teh, K. G. Yeoh, and Z. Huang, “Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the stomach: differentiating dysplasia from normal tissue,” Br. J. Cancer98(2), 457–465 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Terada, N. Ohno, S. Saitoh, Y. Fujii, H. Ohguro, and S. Ohno, “Raman microscopy of freeze-dried mouse eyeball-slice in conjunction with the “in vivo cryotechnique”,” Microsc. Res. Tech.70(7), 634–639 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. P. Torres Filho, J. Terner, R. N. Pittman, E. Proffitt, and K. R. Ward, “Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation,” J. Appl. Physiol.104(6), 1809–1817 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. E. Kast, G. K. Serhatkulu, A. Cao, A. K. Pandya, H. Dai, J. S. Thakur, V. M. Naik, R. Naik, M. D. Klein, G. W. Auner, and R. Rabah, “Raman spectroscopy can differentiate malignant tumors from normal breast tissue and detect early neoplastic changes in a mouse model,” Biopolymers89(3), 235–241 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. K. Pandya, G. K. Serhatkulu, A. Cao, R. E. Kast, H. Dai, R. Rabah, J. Poulik, S. Banerjee, R. Naik, V. Adsay, G. W. Auner, M. D. Klein, J. S. Thakur, and F. H. Sarkar, “Evaluation of pancreatic cancer with Raman spectroscopy in a mouse model,” Pancreas36(2), e1–e8 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Timlin, A. Carden, M. D. Morris, R. M. Rajachar, and D. H. Kohn, “Raman spectroscopic imaging markers for fatigue-related microdamage in bovine bone,” Anal. Chem.72(10), 2229–2236 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. P. Torres Filho, J. Terner, R. N. Pittman, E. Proffitt, and K. R. Ward, “Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation,” J. Appl. Physiol.104(6), 1809–1817 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. J. Kline and P. J. Treado, “Raman Chemical Imaging of Breast Tissue,” J. Raman Spectrosc.28(2–3), 119–124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- P. Crow, N. Stone, C. A. Kendall, J. S. Uff, J. A. Farmer, H. Barr, and M. P. Wright, “The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify and grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in vitro,” Br. J. Cancer89(1), 106–108 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Jyothi Lakshmi, V. B. Kartha, C. Murali Krishna, J. G. R Solomon, G. Ullas, and P. Uma Devi, “Tissue Raman spectroscopy for the study of radiation damage: brain irradiation of mice,” Radiat. Res.157(2), 175–182 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Jyothi Lakshmi, V. B. Kartha, C. Murali Krishna, J. G. R Solomon, G. Ullas, and P. Uma Devi, “Tissue Raman spectroscopy for the study of radiation damage: brain irradiation of mice,” Radiat. Res.157(2), 175–182 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Murali Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, M. S. Vidyasagar, M. Manfait, D. J. Fernanades, B. M. Vadhiraja, and K. Maheedhar, “An overview on applications of optical spectroscopy in cervical cancers,” J. Cancer Res. Ther.4(1), 26–36 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. De Gelder, K. De Gussem, P. Vandenabeele, and L. Moens, “Reference database of Raman spectra of biological molecules,” J. Raman Spectrosc.38(9), 1133–1147 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Malini, K. Venkatakrishna, J. Kurien, K. M. Pai, L. Rao, V. B. Kartha, and C. M. Krishna, “Discrimination of normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue: a Raman spectroscopy study,” Biopolymers81(3), 179–193 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Murali Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, M. S. Vidyasagar, M. Manfait, D. J. Fernanades, B. M. Vadhiraja, and K. Maheedhar, “An overview on applications of optical spectroscopy in cervical cancers,” J. Cancer Res. Ther.4(1), 26–36 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Koljenovi?, T. B. Schut, A. Vincent, J. M. Kros, and G. J. Puppels, “Detection of meningioma in dura mater by Raman spectroscopy,” Anal. Chem.77(24), 7958–7965 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. R. S?epanovi?, Z. Volynskaya, C.-R. Kong, L. H. Galindo, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “A multimodal spectroscopy system for real-time disease diagnosis,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.80(4), 043103 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth-resolved in vivo micro-Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer-specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(2), 160–166 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Shen, B. Zhang, J. Ping, W. Xie, P. Donfack, S.-J. Baek, X. Zhou, H. Wang, A. Materny, and J. Hu, “In vivo study on the protection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40(5), 550–555 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. L. Deng, Q. Wei, M. H. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, and Y. Q. Li, “Study of the effect of alcohol on single human red blood cells using near-infrared laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(3), 257–261 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. P. Torres Filho, J. Terner, R. N. Pittman, E. Proffitt, and K. R. Ward, “Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation,” J. Appl. Physiol.104(6), 1809–1817 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. Deng, Q. Wei, M. H. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, and Y. Q. Li, “Study of the effect of alcohol on single human red blood cells using near-infrared laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(3), 257–261 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. Crow, N. Stone, C. A. Kendall, J. S. Uff, J. A. Farmer, H. Barr, and M. P. Wright, “The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify and grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in vitro,” Br. J. Cancer89(1), 106–108 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gniadecka, O. Faurskov Nielsen, D. H. Christensen, and H. C. Wulf, “Structure of water, proteins, and lipids in intact human skin, hair, and nail,” J. Invest. Dermatol.110(4), 393–398 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Shen, B. Zhang, J. Ping, W. Xie, P. Donfack, S.-J. Baek, X. Zhou, H. Wang, A. Materny, and J. Hu, “In vivo study on the protection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40(5), 550–555 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Y. Sha, H. Xu, M. J. Natan, and R. Cromer, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering tags for rapid and homogeneous detection of circulating tumor cells in the presence of human whole blood,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.130(51), 17214–17215 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-K. Min, T. Yamamoto, E. Kohda, T. Ito, and H. Hamaguchi, “1064 nm near-infrared multichannel Raman spectroscopy of fresh human lung tissues,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(1), 73–76 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. O. Andrade, R. A. Bitar, K. Yassoyama, H. Martinho, A. M. E. Santo, P. M. Bruno, and A. A. Martin, “Study of normal colorectal tissue by FT-Raman spectroscopy,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.387(5), 1643–1648 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Yavorskyy, A. Hernandez-Santana, G. McCarthy, and G. McMahon, “Detection of calcium phosphate crystals in the joint fluid of patients with osteoarthritis - analytical approaches and challenges,” Analyst (Lond.)133(3), 302–318 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Teh, W. Zheng, K. Y. Ho, M. Teh, K. G. Yeoh, and Z. Huang, “Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the stomach: differentiating dysplasia from normal tissue,” Br. J. Cancer98(2), 457–465 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Silveira, S. Sathaiah, R. A. Zângaro, M. T. T. Pacheco, M. C. Chavantes, and C. A. G. Pasqualucci, “Correlation between near-infrared Raman spectroscopy and the histopathological analysis of atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries,” Lasers Surg. Med.30(4), 290–297 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth-resolved in vivo micro-Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer-specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(2), 160–166 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Short, S. Lam, A. McWilliams, J. Zhao, H. Lui, and H. Zeng, “Development and preliminary results of an endoscopic Raman probe for potential in vivo diagnosis of lung cancers,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 711–713 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc.61(11), 1225–1232 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Huang, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Raman spectroscopy in combination with background near-infrared autofluorescence enhances the in vivo assessment of malignant tissues,” Photochem. Photobiol.81(5), 1219–1226 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer107(6), 1047–1052 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, S. Lam, J. English, D. I. McLean, H. Lui, and H. Zeng, “Effect of formalin fixation on the near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of normal and cancerous human bronchial tissues,” Int. J. Oncol.23(3), 649–655 (2003). [PubMed]
- A. Shen, B. Zhang, J. Ping, W. Xie, P. Donfack, S.-J. Baek, X. Zhou, H. Wang, A. Materny, and J. Hu, “In vivo study on the protection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40(5), 550–555 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Seballos, J. Z. Zhang, and R. Sutphen, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of lysophosphatidic acid,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.383(5), 763–767 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. Deng, Q. Wei, M. H. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, and Y. Q. Li, “Study of the effect of alcohol on single human red blood cells using near-infrared laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(3), 257–261 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth-resolved in vivo micro-Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer-specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(2), 160–166 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Short, S. Lam, A. McWilliams, J. Zhao, H. Lui, and H. Zeng, “Development and preliminary results of an endoscopic Raman probe for potential in vivo diagnosis of lung cancers,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 711–713 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc.61(11), 1225–1232 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Teh, W. Zheng, K. Y. Ho, M. Teh, K. G. Yeoh, and Z. Huang, “Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the stomach: differentiating dysplasia from normal tissue,” Br. J. Cancer98(2), 457–465 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Shen, B. Zhang, J. Ping, W. Xie, P. Donfack, S.-J. Baek, X. Zhou, H. Wang, A. Materny, and J. Hu, “In vivo study on the protection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40(5), 550–555 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J.90(2), 648–656 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
- P. O. Andrade, R. A. Bitar, K. Yassoyama, H. Martinho, A. M. E. Santo, P. M. Bruno, and A. A. Martin, “Study of normal colorectal tissue by FT-Raman spectroscopy,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.387(5), 1643–1648 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Seballos, J. Z. Zhang, and R. Sutphen, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of lysophosphatidic acid,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.383(5), 763–767 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Anal. Chem.
- C. J. Frank, R. L. McCreery, and D. C. B. Redd, “Raman spectroscopy of normal and diseased human breast tissues,” Anal. Chem.67(5), 777–783 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Koljenovi?, T. B. Schut, A. Vincent, J. M. Kros, and G. J. Puppels, “Detection of meningioma in dura mater by Raman spectroscopy,” Anal. Chem.77(24), 7958–7965 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Timlin, A. Carden, M. D. Morris, R. M. Rajachar, and D. H. Kohn, “Raman spectroscopic imaging markers for fatigue-related microdamage in bovine bone,” Anal. Chem.72(10), 2229–2236 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Analyst (Lond.)
- A. Yavorskyy, A. Hernandez-Santana, G. McCarthy, and G. McMahon, “Detection of calcium phosphate crystals in the joint fluid of patients with osteoarthritis - analytical approaches and challenges,” Analyst (Lond.)133(3), 302–318 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Spectrosc.
- J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc.61(11), 1225–1232 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. M. Aydin, M. Kahraman, E. R. Kiliç, and M. Culha, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of rat tissues,” Appl. Spectrosc.63(6), 662–668 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biophys. J.
- J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J.90(2), 648–656 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. W. Short, S. Carpenter, J. P. Freyer, and J. R. Mourant, “Raman spectroscopy detects biochemical changes due to proliferation in mammalian cell cultures,” Biophys. J.88(6), 4274–4288 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Caspers, G. W. Lucassen, and G. J. Puppels, “Combined in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal microscopy of human skin,” Biophys. J.85(1), 572–580 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biopolymers
- R. E. Kast, G. K. Serhatkulu, A. Cao, A. K. Pandya, H. Dai, J. S. Thakur, V. M. Naik, R. Naik, M. D. Klein, G. W. Auner, and R. Rabah, “Raman spectroscopy can differentiate malignant tumors from normal breast tissue and detect early neoplastic changes in a mouse model,” Biopolymers89(3), 235–241 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Malini, K. Venkatakrishna, J. Kurien, K. M. Pai, L. Rao, V. B. Kartha, and C. M. Krishna, “Discrimination of normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue: a Raman spectroscopy study,” Biopolymers81(3), 179–193 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Br. J. Cancer
- S. K. Teh, W. Zheng, K. Y. Ho, M. Teh, K. G. Yeoh, and Z. Huang, “Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the stomach: differentiating dysplasia from normal tissue,” Br. J. Cancer98(2), 457–465 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Crow, N. Stone, C. A. Kendall, J. S. Uff, J. A. Farmer, H. Barr, and M. P. Wright, “The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify and grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in vitro,” Br. J. Cancer89(1), 106–108 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Shetty, C. Kendall, N. Shepherd, N. Stone, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy: elucidation of biochemical changes in carcinogenesis of oesophagus,” Br. J. Cancer94(10), 1460–1464 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Calcif. Tissue Int.
- A. Carden, R. M. Rajachar, M. D. Morris, and D. H. Kohn, “Ultrastructural changes accompanying the mechanical deformation of bone tissue: a Raman imaging study,” Calcif. Tissue Int.72(2), 166–175 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Dis. Markers
- M. D. Keller, E. M. Kanter, C. A. Lieber, S. K. Majumder, J. Hutchings, D. L. Ellis, R. B. Beaven, N. Stone, and A. Mahadevan-Jansen, “Detecting temporal and spatial effects of epithelial cancers with Raman spectroscopy,” Dis. Markers25(6), 323–337 (2008). [PubMed]
Eur. Urol.
- K. Bensalah, J. Fleureau, D. Rolland, O. Lavastre, N. Rioux-Leclercq, F. Guillé, J.-J. Patard, L. Senhadji, and R. de Crevoisier, “Raman spectroscopy: a novel experimental approach to evaluating renal tumours,” Eur. Urol.58(4), 602–608 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Faraday Discuss.
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. Smith, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Raman spectroscopy for identification of epithelial cancers,” Faraday Discuss.126, 141–157, discussion 169–183 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Int. J. Cancer
- Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer107(6), 1047–1052 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Int. J. Oncol.
- Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, S. Lam, J. English, D. I. McLean, H. Lui, and H. Zeng, “Effect of formalin fixation on the near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of normal and cancerous human bronchial tissues,” Int. J. Oncol.23(3), 649–655 (2003). [PubMed]
J Biophotonics
- A. Nijssen, S. Koljenovi?, T. C. Bakker Schut, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Towards oncological application of Raman spectroscopy,” J Biophotonics2(1-2), 29–36 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- M. Y. Sha, H. Xu, M. J. Natan, and R. Cromer, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering tags for rapid and homogeneous detection of circulating tumor cells in the presence of human whole blood,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.130(51), 17214–17215 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Appl. Physiol.
- I. P. Torres Filho, J. Terner, R. N. Pittman, E. Proffitt, and K. R. Ward, “Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation,” J. Appl. Physiol.104(6), 1809–1817 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biol. Chem.
- P. R. Carey, “Raman spectroscopy, the sleeping giant in structural biology, awakes,” J. Biol. Chem.274(38), 26625–26628 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Biotechnol.
- A. Downes, R. Mouras, and A. Elfick, “Optical spectroscopy for noninvasive monitoring of stem cell differentiation,” J. Biomed. Biotechnol.2010, 101864 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Cancer Res. Ther.
- C. Murali Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, M. S. Vidyasagar, M. Manfait, D. J. Fernanades, B. M. Vadhiraja, and K. Maheedhar, “An overview on applications of optical spectroscopy in cervical cancers,” J. Cancer Res. Ther.4(1), 26–36 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Invest. Dermatol.
- A. Nijssen, T. C. Bakker Schut, F. Heule, P. J. Caspers, D. P. Hayes, M. H. A. Neumann, and G. J. Puppels, “Discriminating basal cell carcinoma from its surrounding tissue by Raman spectroscopy,” J. Invest. Dermatol.119(1), 64–69 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gniadecka, O. Faurskov Nielsen, D. H. Christensen, and H. C. Wulf, “Structure of water, proteins, and lipids in intact human skin, hair, and nail,” J. Invest. Dermatol.110(4), 393–398 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. R. Soc. Interface
- I. Notingher, C. Green, C. Dyer, E. Perkins, N. Hopkins, C. Lindsay, and L. L. Hench, “Discrimination between ricin and sulphur mustard toxicity in vitro using Raman spectroscopy,” J. R. Soc. Interface1(1), 79–90 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Raman Spectrosc.
- N. Stone, C. Kendall, N. Shepherd, P. Crow, and H. Barr, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.33(7), 564–573 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. J. Kline and P. J. Treado, “Raman Chemical Imaging of Breast Tissue,” J. Raman Spectrosc.28(2–3), 119–124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- J. De Gelder, K. De Gussem, P. Vandenabeele, and L. Moens, “Reference database of Raman spectra of biological molecules,” J. Raman Spectrosc.38(9), 1133–1147 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. L. Deng, Q. Wei, M. H. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, and Y. Q. Li, “Study of the effect of alcohol on single human red blood cells using near-infrared laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(3), 257–261 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth-resolved in vivo micro-Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer-specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc.42(2), 160–166 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y.-K. Min, T. Yamamoto, E. Kohda, T. Ito, and H. Hamaguchi, “1064 nm near-infrared multichannel Raman spectroscopy of fresh human lung tissues,” J. Raman Spectrosc.36(1), 73–76 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Shen, B. Zhang, J. Ping, W. Xie, P. Donfack, S.-J. Baek, X. Zhou, H. Wang, A. Materny, and J. Hu, “In vivo study on the protection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40(5), 550–555 (2009). [CrossRef]
Lasers Surg. Med.
- L. Silveira, S. Sathaiah, R. A. Zângaro, M. T. T. Pacheco, M. C. Chavantes, and C. A. G. Pasqualucci, “Correlation between near-infrared Raman spectroscopy and the histopathological analysis of atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries,” Lasers Surg. Med.30(4), 290–297 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Lieber, S. K. Majumder, D. L. Ellis, D. D. Billheimer, and A. Mahadevan-Jansen, “In vivo nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis using Raman microspectroscopy,” Lasers Surg. Med.40(7), 461–467 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Microsc. Res. Tech.
- N. Terada, N. Ohno, S. Saitoh, Y. Fujii, H. Ohguro, and S. Ohno, “Raman microscopy of freeze-dried mouse eyeball-slice in conjunction with the “in vivo cryotechnique”,” Microsc. Res. Tech.70(7), 634–639 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W.-T. Cheng, M.-T. Liu, H.-N. Liu, and S.-Y. Lin, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy used to identify and grade human skin pilomatrixoma,” Microsc. Res. Tech.68(2), 75–79 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
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Pancreas
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