Intrinsic quality factor determination in whispering gallery mode microcavities using a single Stokes parameters measurement

doi:10.1364/OE.19.023544

Intrinsic quality factor determination in whispering gallery mode microcavities using a single Stokes parameters measurement

Francis Vanier, Cecilia La Mela, Ahmad Hayat, and Yves-Alain Peter »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 23, pp. 23544-23553 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.023544

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Abstract

Determination of the intrinsic quality factor of a loaded whispering gallery mode microcavity can be important for many applications where the coupling conditions cannot be tuned. We propose a single-scan technique based on a Stokes parameters analysis to extract the intrinsic quality factor and therefore determine the coupling regime. We propose a simple model for this analysis and present experimental measurements, which are in very good agreement with the model.

OCIS Codes
(260.5430) Physical optics : Polarization
(140.3945) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavities
(130.5440) Integrated optics : Polarization-selective devices

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Francis Vanier, Cecilia La Mela, Ahmad Hayat, and Yves-Alain Peter, "Intrinsic quality factor determination in whispering gallery mode microcavities using a single Stokes parameters measurement," Opt. Express 19, 23544-23553 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-23-23544

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References

F. Vollmer and S. Arnold, “Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: label-free detection down to single molecules,” Nat. Methods5, 591–596 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Zhu, S. K. Ozdemir, Y. F. Xiao, L. Li, L. He, D.-R. Chen, and L. Yang, “On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator,” Nat. Photonics4, 46–49 (2009). [CrossRef]
A. A. Savchenkov, V. S. Ilchenko, A. B. Matsko, and L. Maleki, “Kilohertz optical resonances in dielectric crystal cavities,” Phys. Rev. A70, 051804(R) (2004). [CrossRef]
S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, S. J. Pearton, and R. A. Logan, “Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.60, 289–291 (1992). [CrossRef]
T. J. Kippenberg, H. Rokhsari, T. Carmon, A. Scherer, and K. J. Vahala, “Analysis of radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of an optical microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 033901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “All-optical control of light on a silicon chip,” Nature431, 1081–1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. L. Gorodetsky, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators,” Opt. Lett.21, 453–455 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip,” Nature421, 925–928 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, “Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.10, 549–551 (1998). [CrossRef]
M. Sumetsky, “Optimization of optical ring resonator devices for sensing applications,” Opt. Lett.32, 2577–2579 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Hossein-Zadeh and K. J. Vahala, “Importance of intrinsic-Q in microring-based optical filters and dispersion-compensation devices,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.19, 1045–1047 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenberg, O. J. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Ideality in a fiber-taper-coupled microresonator system for application to cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 043902 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. J. J. Slagmolen, M. B. Gray, K. G. Baigent, and D. E. McClelland, “Phase-sensitive reflection technique for characterization of a Fabry-Perot interferometer,” Appl. Opt.39, 3638–3643 (2000). [CrossRef]
C. R. Locke, D. Stuart, E. N. Ivanov, and A. N. Luiten, “A simple technique for accurate and complete characterisation of a Fabry-Perot cavity,” Opt. Express17, 21935–21943 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Dumeige, S. Trebaol, L. Ghişa, T. K. N. Nguyên, H. Tavernier, and P. Féron, “Determination of coupling regime of high-Q resonators and optical gain of highly selective amplifiers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25, 2073–2080 (2008). [CrossRef]
T. Ito and Y. Kokubun, “Nondestructive measurement of propagation loss and coupling efficiency in microring resonator filters using filter responses,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.43, 1002–1005 (2004). [CrossRef]
G. Griffel, S. Arnold, D. Taskent, A. Serpengüzel, J. Connolly, and N. Morris, “Morphology-dependent resonances of a microsphere-optical fiber system,” Opt. Lett.21, 695–697 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Bianucci, C. R. Fietz, J. W. Robertson, G. Shvets, and C.-K. Shih, “Whispering gallery mode microresonators as polarization converters,” Opt. Lett.32, 2224–2226 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Goldstein, Polarized Light (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2003), 2nd ed. [CrossRef]
M. J. Humphrey, E. Dale, A. T. Rosenberger, and D. K. Bandy, “Calculation of optimal fiber radius and whispering-gallery mode spectra for a fiber-coupled microsphere,” Opt. Commun.271, 124–131 (2007). [CrossRef]

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[1] F. Vollmer and S. Arnold, “Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: label-free detection down to single molecules,” Nat. Methods5, 591–596 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] J. Zhu, S. K. Ozdemir, Y. F. Xiao, L. Li, L. He, D.-R. Chen, and L. Yang, “On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator,” Nat. Photonics4, 46–49 (2009). [CrossRef]

[3] A. A. Savchenkov, V. S. Ilchenko, A. B. Matsko, and L. Maleki, “Kilohertz optical resonances in dielectric crystal cavities,” Phys. Rev. A70, 051804(R) (2004). [CrossRef]

[4] S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, S. J. Pearton, and R. A. Logan, “Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.60, 289–291 (1992). [CrossRef]

[5] T. J. Kippenberg, H. Rokhsari, T. Carmon, A. Scherer, and K. J. Vahala, “Analysis of radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of an optical microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 033901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “All-optical control of light on a silicon chip,” Nature431, 1081–1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] M. L. Gorodetsky, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators,” Opt. Lett.21, 453–455 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip,” Nature421, 925–928 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, “Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.10, 549–551 (1998). [CrossRef]

[10] M. Sumetsky, “Optimization of optical ring resonator devices for sensing applications,” Opt. Lett.32, 2577–2579 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] M. Hossein-Zadeh and K. J. Vahala, “Importance of intrinsic-Q in microring-based optical filters and dispersion-compensation devices,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.19, 1045–1047 (2007). [CrossRef]

[12] S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenberg, O. J. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Ideality in a fiber-taper-coupled microresonator system for application to cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 043902 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] B. J. J. Slagmolen, M. B. Gray, K. G. Baigent, and D. E. McClelland, “Phase-sensitive reflection technique for characterization of a Fabry-Perot interferometer,” Appl. Opt.39, 3638–3643 (2000). [CrossRef]

[14] C. R. Locke, D. Stuart, E. N. Ivanov, and A. N. Luiten, “A simple technique for accurate and complete characterisation of a Fabry-Perot cavity,” Opt. Express17, 21935–21943 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] Y. Dumeige, S. Trebaol, L. Ghişa, T. K. N. Nguyên, H. Tavernier, and P. Féron, “Determination of coupling regime of high-Q resonators and optical gain of highly selective amplifiers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25, 2073–2080 (2008). [CrossRef]

[16] T. Ito and Y. Kokubun, “Nondestructive measurement of propagation loss and coupling efficiency in microring resonator filters using filter responses,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.43, 1002–1005 (2004). [CrossRef]

[17] G. Griffel, S. Arnold, D. Taskent, A. Serpengüzel, J. Connolly, and N. Morris, “Morphology-dependent resonances of a microsphere-optical fiber system,” Opt. Lett.21, 695–697 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] P. Bianucci, C. R. Fietz, J. W. Robertson, G. Shvets, and C.-K. Shih, “Whispering gallery mode microresonators as polarization converters,” Opt. Lett.32, 2224–2226 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] D. Goldstein, Polarized Light (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2003), 2nd ed. [CrossRef]

[20] M. J. Humphrey, E. Dale, A. T. Rosenberger, and D. K. Bandy, “Calculation of optimal fiber radius and whispering-gallery mode spectra for a fiber-coupled microsphere,” Opt. Commun.271, 124–131 (2007). [CrossRef]

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Intrinsic quality factor determination in whispering gallery mode microcavities using a single Stokes parameters measurement