In this paper a method of taking widefield heterodyne interferograms using a prototype modulated light camera is described. This custom CMOS modulated light camera (MLC) uses analogue quadrature demodulation at each pixel to output the phase and amplitude of the modulated light as DC voltages. The heterodyne interference fringe patterns are generated using an acousto-optical frequency shifter (AOFS) in an arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Widefield images of fringe patterns acquired using the prototype MLC are presented. The phase can be measured to an accuracy of ±6.6°. The added value of this method to acquire widefield images are discussed along with the advantages.

© 2011 OSA

1. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Angstrom-range optical path-length measurement with a high-speed scanning heterodyne optical interferometer,” Appl. Opt.42, 2341–2345 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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3. D. Droeschel, D. Holzand, and S. Behnke, “Multi-frequency phase unwrapping for time-of-flight cameras,” IEEE/RSJ 2010 Int. Conf. Intell. Rob. Syst.66, 1463–1469 (2010). [CrossRef]
4. X. Luan, R. Schwarte, Z. Zhang, Z. Xu, H.G. Heinol, B. Buxbaum, T. Ringbeck, and H. He, “3D intelligent sensing based on the PMD technology,” Proc. SPIE4540, 482–487 (2001). [CrossRef]
5. R. Onodera and Y. Ishii, “Two-wavelength laser-diode heterodyne interferometry with one phasemeter,” Opt. Lett.20, 2502–2502 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. S. Yokoyama, J. Ohnishi, S. Iwasaki, K. Seta, H. Matsumoto, and N. Suzuki, “Real-time and high-resolution absolute-distance measurement using a two-wavelength superheterodyne interferometer,” Meas. Sci. Technol.10, 1233 (1999). [CrossRef]
7. S. Vergamota, L. Cupido, M. Manso, F. Eusebio, A. Silva, P. Varela, J. Cabral, F. Serra, and C. Varandas, “Microwave interferometer with a differential quadrature phase detection,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.66, 2547–2547 (1995). [CrossRef]
8. H.-K. Teng and K.-C. Lang, “Heterodyne interferometer for displacement measurement with amplitude quadrature and noise suppression,” Opt. Commun.280, 16–22 (2007). [CrossRef]
9. S. Chamberlain and J. Lee, “Novel wide dynamic range silicon photodetector and linear imaging array,” IEEE J. Solid State Circuits20, 41–48 (1984). [CrossRef]
10. F. G. Cervantes, G. Heinzel, A. F. G. Marin, V. Wand, F. Steier, O. Jennrich, and K. Danzmann, “Real-time phase-front detector for heterodyne interferometers,” Appl. Opt.46, 4541–4548 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. A. Kimachi, “Real-time heterodyne imaging interferometry: Focal-plane amplitude and phase demodulation using a three-phase correlation image sensor,” Appl. Opt.46, 87–94 (2007). [CrossRef]
12. A. Kimachi, “Real-time heterodyne speckle pattern interferometry using the correlation image sensor,” Appl. Opt.49, 6808–6815 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. P. Dmochowski, B. Hayes-Gill, M. Clark, J. Crowe, M. Somekh, and S. Morgan, “Camera pixel for coherent detection of modulated light,” Electron. Lett.40, 1403–1404 (2004). [CrossRef]
14. D. Summers, M. Clark, I. Stockford, S. Achamfuo-Yeboah, and J. Pereira Do Carmo, “Modulated light camera for space applications and assessment via a test bench system,” Acta Astronaut.66, 1399–1403 (2010). [CrossRef]
15. M. Pitter, R. Light, M. Somekh, M. Clark, and B. Hayes-Gill, “Dual-phase synchronous light detection with 64 x 64 CMOS modulated light camera,” Electron. Lett.40, 1404–1406 (2004). [CrossRef]
16. N. Johnston, C. Stewart, R. Light, B. Hayes-Gill, M. Somekh, S. Morgan, J. Sambles, and M. Pitter, “Quad-phase synchronous light detection with 64 × 64 CMOS modulated light camera,” Electron. Lett.45, 1090–1092 (2009). [CrossRef]

Acta Astronaut.

• D. Summers, M. Clark, I. Stockford, S. Achamfuo-Yeboah, and J. Pereira Do Carmo, “Modulated light camera for space applications and assessment via a test bench system,” Acta Astronaut.66, 1399–1403 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

• F. G. Cervantes, G. Heinzel, A. F. G. Marin, V. Wand, F. Steier, O. Jennrich, and K. Danzmann, “Real-time phase-front detector for heterodyne interferometers,” Appl. Opt.46, 4541–4548 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Kimachi, “Real-time heterodyne imaging interferometry: Focal-plane amplitude and phase demodulation using a three-phase correlation image sensor,” Appl. Opt.46, 87–94 (2007). [CrossRef]
• A. Kimachi, “Real-time heterodyne speckle pattern interferometry using the correlation image sensor,” Appl. Opt.49, 6808–6815 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Angstrom-range optical path-length measurement with a high-speed scanning heterodyne optical interferometer,” Appl. Opt.42, 2341–2345 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Electron. Lett.

• P. Dmochowski, B. Hayes-Gill, M. Clark, J. Crowe, M. Somekh, and S. Morgan, “Camera pixel for coherent detection of modulated light,” Electron. Lett.40, 1403–1404 (2004). [CrossRef]
• M. Pitter, R. Light, M. Somekh, M. Clark, and B. Hayes-Gill, “Dual-phase synchronous light detection with 64 x 64 CMOS modulated light camera,” Electron. Lett.40, 1404–1406 (2004). [CrossRef]
• N. Johnston, C. Stewart, R. Light, B. Hayes-Gill, M. Somekh, S. Morgan, J. Sambles, and M. Pitter, “Quad-phase synchronous light detection with 64 × 64 CMOS modulated light camera,” Electron. Lett.45, 1090–1092 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Solid State Circuits

• S. Chamberlain and J. Lee, “Novel wide dynamic range silicon photodetector and linear imaging array,” IEEE J. Solid State Circuits20, 41–48 (1984). [CrossRef]

IEEE/RSJ 2010 Int. Conf. Intell. Rob. Syst.

• D. Droeschel, D. Holzand, and S. Behnke, “Multi-frequency phase unwrapping for time-of-flight cameras,” IEEE/RSJ 2010 Int. Conf. Intell. Rob. Syst.66, 1463–1469 (2010). [CrossRef]

Meas. Sci. Technol.

• S. Yokoyama, J. Ohnishi, S. Iwasaki, K. Seta, H. Matsumoto, and N. Suzuki, “Real-time and high-resolution absolute-distance measurement using a two-wavelength superheterodyne interferometer,” Meas. Sci. Technol.10, 1233 (1999). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

• H.-K. Teng and K.-C. Lang, “Heterodyne interferometer for displacement measurement with amplitude quadrature and noise suppression,” Opt. Commun.280, 16–22 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

• R. Onodera and Y. Ishii, “Two-wavelength laser-diode heterodyne interferometry with one phasemeter,” Opt. Lett.20, 2502–2502 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. IEEE Comput. Sci. Conf. on Comput. Vision Pattern Recognit.

• V. Ganapathi, C. Plagemann, D. Koller, and S. Thrun, “Real time motion capture using a single time-of-flight camera,” Proc. IEEE Comput. Sci. Conf. on Comput. Vision Pattern Recognit., 755–762 (2010).

Proc. SPIE

• X. Luan, R. Schwarte, Z. Zhang, Z. Xu, H.G. Heinol, B. Buxbaum, T. Ringbeck, and H. He, “3D intelligent sensing based on the PMD technology,” Proc. SPIE4540, 482–487 (2001). [CrossRef]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

• S. Vergamota, L. Cupido, M. Manso, F. Eusebio, A. Silva, P. Varela, J. Cabral, F. Serra, and C. Varandas, “Microwave interferometer with a differential quadrature phase detection,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.66, 2547–2547 (1995). [CrossRef]

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