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Optical refocusing three-dimensional wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopyQiang Wu, Shangyu Guo, Yinxing Ma, Feng Gao, Chengliang Yang, Ming Yang, Xuanyi Yu, Xinzheng Zhang, Romano A. Rupp, and Jingjun Xu »View Author Affiliations
Qiang Wu,1
Shangyu Guo,1
Yinxing Ma,1
Feng Gao,1
Chengliang Yang,1,2
Ming Yang,1
Xuanyi Yu,1
Xinzheng Zhang,1
Romano A. Rupp,1,3
and Jingjun Xu1,2,*
1The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China 2State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jinlin 130033, China 3Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, A-1090 Wien, Austria,European Union *Corresponding author: jjxu@nankai.edu.cn |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 960-965 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.000960
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Abstract
Three-dimensional fluorescence lifetime microscopy is achieved by combining wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with a remote optical refocusing method. As required for some applications in dynamic research for physics, chemistry, or biology, it is thereby not necessary to move the sample, i.e., the specimen is not disturbed during measurement. Using a fluorescent microsphere the performance of the system has been tested successfully with respect to three-dimensional fluorescence lifetime microscopy as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.6920) Medical optics and biotechnology : Time-resolved imaging
(300.6500) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, time-resolved
(320.7150) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast spectroscopy
(100.0118) Image processing : Imaging ultrafast phenomena
ToC Category:
Microscopy
History
Original Manuscript: November 1, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: December 6, 2011
Published: January 4, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 3 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Qiang Wu, Shangyu Guo, Yinxing Ma, Feng Gao, Chengliang Yang, Ming Yang, Xuanyi Yu, Xinzheng Zhang, Romano A. Rupp, and Jingjun Xu, "Optical refocusing three-dimensional wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy," Opt. Express 20, 960-965 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-2-960
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References
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- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2007–2009 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “An optical technique for remote focusing in microscopy,” Opt. Commun.281(4), 880–887 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2007–2009 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Siegel, K. Suhling, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. M. Davis, D. Phillips, Y. Sabharwal, and P. M. W. French, “Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(1), 182–192 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- J. Systma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw, and H. C. Gerritsen, “Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation,” J. Microsc.191, 39–51 (1998).
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Y. Soloviev, J. McGinty, K. B. Tahir, M. A. A. Neil, A. Sardini, J. V. Hajnal, S. R. Arridge, and P. M. W. French, “Fluorescence lifetime tomography of live cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a scattering medium exhibiting background autofluorescence,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2034–2036 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Suhling, P. M. W. French, and D. Phillips, “Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.4(1), 13–22 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Suhling, J. Siegel, P. M. P. Lanigan, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. Phillips, D. M. Davis, and P. M. W. French, “Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging applied to live cells,” Opt. Lett.29(6), 584–586 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, K. Suhling, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. M. Davis, D. Phillips, Y. Sabharwal, and P. M. W. French, “Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(1), 182–192 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. B. van Munster and T. W. J. Gadella, “Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM),” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol.95, 143–175 (2005). [PubMed]
- J. Systma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw, and H. C. Gerritsen, “Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation,” J. Microsc.191, 39–51 (1998).
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. Y. Soloviev, J. McGinty, K. B. Tahir, M. A. A. Neil, A. Sardini, J. V. Hajnal, S. R. Arridge, and P. M. W. French, “Fluorescence lifetime tomography of live cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a scattering medium exhibiting background autofluorescence,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2034–2036 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Straub and S. W. Hell, “Fluorescence lifetime three-dimensional microscopy with picosecond precision using a multifocal multiphoton microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett.73(13), 1769–1771 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “An optical technique for remote focusing in microscopy,” Opt. Commun.281(4), 880–887 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. B. van Munster and T. W. J. Gadella, “Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM),” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol.95, 143–175 (2005). [PubMed]
- J. Systma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw, and H. C. Gerritsen, “Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation,” J. Microsc.191, 39–51 (1998).
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Suhling, J. Siegel, P. M. P. Lanigan, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. Phillips, D. M. Davis, and P. M. W. French, “Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging applied to live cells,” Opt. Lett.29(6), 584–586 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, K. Suhling, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. M. Davis, D. Phillips, Y. Sabharwal, and P. M. W. French, “Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(1), 182–192 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “An optical technique for remote focusing in microscopy,” Opt. Commun.281(4), 880–887 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2007–2009 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol.
- E. B. van Munster and T. W. J. Gadella, “Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM),” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol.95, 143–175 (2005). [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Straub and S. W. Hell, “Fluorescence lifetime three-dimensional microscopy with picosecond precision using a multifocal multiphoton microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett.73(13), 1769–1771 (1998). [CrossRef]
Chem. Rev.
- M. Y. Berezin and S. Achilefu, “Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging,” Chem. Rev.110(5), 2641–2684 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
- J. A. Levitt, D. R. Matthews, S. M. Ameer-Beg, and K. Suhling, “Fluorescence lifetime and polarization-resolved imaging in cell biology,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.20(1), 28–36 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Microsc.
- K. Carlsson and A. Liljeborg, “Simultaneous confocal lifetime imaging of multiple fluorophores using the intensity-modulated multiple-wavelength scanning (IMS) technique,” J. Microsc.191(2), 119–127 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Systma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw, and H. C. Gerritsen, “Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation,” J. Microsc.191, 39–51 (1998).
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Mod. Opt.
- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “An optical technique for remote focusing in microscopy,” Opt. Commun.281(4), 880–887 (2008). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2007–2009 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Y. Soloviev, J. McGinty, K. B. Tahir, M. A. A. Neil, A. Sardini, J. V. Hajnal, S. R. Arridge, and P. M. W. French, “Fluorescence lifetime tomography of live cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a scattering medium exhibiting background autofluorescence,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2034–2036 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Suhling, J. Siegel, P. M. P. Lanigan, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. Phillips, D. M. Davis, and P. M. W. French, “Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging applied to live cells,” Opt. Lett.29(6), 584–586 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.25(18), 1361–1363 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
- K. Suhling, P. M. W. French, and D. Phillips, “Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.4(1), 13–22 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
- J. Siegel, K. Suhling, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. M. Davis, D. Phillips, Y. Sabharwal, and P. M. W. French, “Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(1), 182–192 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
Other
- J. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3th ed. (Springer, 2006).
2010, Berezin, Chem. Rev.
- M. Y. Berezin and S. Achilefu, “Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging,” Chem. Rev.110(5), 2641–2684 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Levitt, D. R. Matthews, S. M. Ameer-Beg, and K. Suhling, “Fluorescence lifetime and polarization-resolved imaging in cell biology,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.20(1), 28–36 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Botcherby, R. Juskaitis, M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson, “An optical technique for remote focusing in microscopy,” Opt. Commun.281(4), 880–887 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. Y. Soloviev, J. McGinty, K. B. Tahir, M. A. A. Neil, A. Sardini, J. V. Hajnal, S. R. Arridge, and P. M. W. French, “Fluorescence lifetime tomography of live cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a scattering medium exhibiting background autofluorescence,” Opt. Lett.32(14), 2034–2036 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. B. van Munster and T. W. J. Gadella, “Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM),” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol.95, 143–175 (2005). [PubMed]
- K. Suhling, P. M. W. French, and D. Phillips, “Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.4(1), 13–22 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Elson, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, F. Reavell, J. Siegel, K. Suhling, P. Tadrous, R. Benninger, P. Lanigan, J. McGinty, C. Talbot, B. Treanor, S. Webb, A. Sandison, A. Wallace, D. Davis, J. Lever, M. Neil, D. Phillips, G. Stamp, and P. French, “Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.3(8), 795–801 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, K. Suhling, S. Lévêque-Fort, S. E. D. Webb, D. M. Davis, D. Phillips, Y. Sabharwal, and P. M. W. French, “Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(1), 182–192 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. S. Elson, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, S. Lévêque-Fort, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, M. J. Cole, P. M. W. French, D. M. Davis, M. J. Lever, R. Juškaitis, M. A. A. Neil, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning and spectral resolution applied to biological samples,” J. Mod. Opt.49(5-6), 985–995 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. E. D. Webb, Y. Gu, S. Lévêque-Fort, J. Siegel, M. J. Cole, K. Dowling, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, L. O. D. Sucharov, T. Wilson, and M. J. Lever, “A wide-field time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope with optical sectioning,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.73(4), 1898–1907 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203(3), 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Siegel, D. S. Elson, S. E. D. Webb, D. Parsons-Karavassilis, S. Lévêque-Fort, M. J. Cole, M. J. Lever, P. M. W. French, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, L. O. Sucharov, and T. Wilson, “Whole-field five-dimensional fluorescence microscopy combining lifetime and spectral resolution with optical sectioning,” Opt. Lett.26(17), 1338–1340 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Carlsson and A. Liljeborg, “Simultaneous confocal lifetime imaging of multiple fluorophores using the intensity-modulated multiple-wavelength scanning (IMS) technique,” J. Microsc.191(2), 119–127 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Systma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw, and H. C. Gerritsen, “Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation,” J. Microsc.191, 39–51 (1998).
- M. Straub and S. W. Hell, “Fluorescence lifetime three-dimensional microscopy with picosecond precision using a multifocal multiphoton microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett.73(13), 1769–1771 (1998). [CrossRef]
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