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Scanning in situ Spectroscopy platform for imaging surgical breast tissue specimensVenkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Ashley M. Laughney, Wendy A. Wells, Keith D. Paulsen, and Brian W. Pogue »View Author Affiliations
Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy,1,*
Ashley M. Laughney,1
Wendy A. Wells,2
Keith D. Paulsen,1
and Brian W. Pogue1,3
1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA 2Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA 3brian.w.pogue@dartmouth.edu *Corresponding author: venkat.krishnaswamy@dartmouth.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 2185-2194 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.002185
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Abstract
A non-contact localized spectroscopic imaging platform has been developed and optimized to scan 1x1cm2 square regions of surgically resected breast tissue specimens with ~150-micron resolution. A color corrected, image-space telecentric scanning design maintained a consistent sampling geometry and uniform spot size across the entire imaging field. Theoretical modeling in ZEMAX allowed estimation of the spot size, which is equal at both the center and extreme positions of the field with ~5% variation across the designed waveband, indicating excellent color correction. The spot sizes at the center and an extreme field position were also measured experimentally using the standard knife-edge technique and were found to be within ~8% of the theoretical predictions. Highly localized sampling offered inherent insensitivity to variations in background absorption allowing direct imaging of local scattering parameters, which was validated using a matrix of varying concentrations of Intralipid and blood in phantoms. Four representative, pathologically distinct lumpectomy tissue specimens were imaged, capturing natural variations in tissue scattering response within a given pathology. Variations as high as 60% were observed in the average reflectance and relative scattering power images, which must be taken into account for robust classification performance. Despite this variation, the preliminary data indicates discernible scatter power contrast between the benign vs malignant groups, but reliable discrimination of pathologies within these groups would require investigation into additional contrast mechanisms.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.3890) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics instrumentation
(170.6510) Medical optics and biotechnology : Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics
(290.5820) Scattering : Scattering measurements
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: November 6, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 11, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: January 13, 2013
Published: January 22, 2013
Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 2 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Ashley M. Laughney, Wendy A. Wells, Keith D. Paulsen, and Brian W. Pogue, "Scanning in situ Spectroscopy platform for imaging surgical breast tissue specimens," Opt. Express 21, 2185-2194 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/vjbo/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-2-2185
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- S. Srinivasan, B. W. Pogue, S. Jiang, H. Dehghani, C. Kogel, S. Soho, J. J. Gibson, T. D. Tosteson, S. P. Poplack, and K. D. Paulsen, “Interpreting hemoglobin and water concentration, oxygen saturation, and scattering measured in vivo by near-infrared breast tomography,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(21), 12349–12354 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. Lue, J. W. Kang, C.-C. Yu, I. Barman, N. C. Dingari, M. S. Feld, R. R. Dasari, and M. Fitzmaurice, “Portable optical fiber probe-based spectroscopic scanner for rapid cancer diagnosis: a new tool for intraoperative margin assessment,” PLoS ONE7(1), e30887 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Lue, J. W. Kang, C.-C. Yu, I. Barman, N. C. Dingari, M. S. Feld, R. R. Dasari, and M. Fitzmaurice, “Portable optical fiber probe-based spectroscopic scanner for rapid cancer diagnosis: a new tool for intraoperative margin assessment,” PLoS ONE7(1), e30887 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Itzkan, L. Qiu, H. Fang, M. M. Zaman, E. Vitkin, I. C. Ghiran, S. Salahuddin, M. Modell, C. Andersson, L. M. Kimerer, P. B. Cipolloni, K.-H. Lim, S. D. Freedman, I. Bigio, B. P. Sachs, E. B. Hanlon, and L. T. Perelman, “Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy monitors organelles in live cells with no exogenous labels,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(44), 17255–17260 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kennedy, J. Geradts, T. Bydlon, J. Q. Brown, J. Gallagher, M. Junker, W. Barry, N. Ramanujam, and L. Wilke, “Optical breast cancer margin assessment: an observational study of the effects of tissue heterogeneity on optical contrast,” Breast Cancer Res.12(6), R91 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. G. Wilke, J. Q. Brown, T. M. Bydlon, S. A. Kennedy, L. M. Richards, M. K. Junker, J. Gallagher, W. T. Barry, J. Geradts, and N. Ramanujam, “Rapid noninvasive optical imaging of tissue composition in breast tumor margins,” Am. J. Surg.198(4), 566–574 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Q. Brown, T. M. Bydlon, L. M. Richards, S. A. Bing Yu, J. Kennedy, L. G. Geradts, M. K. Wilke, J. Junker, W. T. Gallagher, Barry, and N. Ramanujam, “Optical Assessment of Tumor Resection Margins in the Breast,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(3), 530–544 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. S. Gareau, Y. Li, B. Huang, Z. Eastman, K. S. Nehal, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy in Mohs skin excisions: feasibility of rapid surgical pathology,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(5), 054001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kennedy, J. Geradts, T. Bydlon, J. Q. Brown, J. Gallagher, M. Junker, W. Barry, N. Ramanujam, and L. Wilke, “Optical breast cancer margin assessment: an observational study of the effects of tissue heterogeneity on optical contrast,” Breast Cancer Res.12(6), R91 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. G. Wilke, J. Q. Brown, T. M. Bydlon, S. A. Kennedy, L. M. Richards, M. K. Junker, J. Gallagher, W. T. Barry, J. Geradts, and N. Ramanujam, “Rapid noninvasive optical imaging of tissue composition in breast tumor margins,” Am. J. Surg.198(4), 566–574 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. Srinivasan, B. W. Pogue, S. Jiang, H. Dehghani, C. Kogel, S. Soho, J. J. Gibson, T. D. Tosteson, S. P. Poplack, and K. D. Paulsen, “Interpreting hemoglobin and water concentration, oxygen saturation, and scattering measured in vivo by near-infrared breast tomography,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(21), 12349–12354 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- V. Krishnaswamy, P. J. Hoopes, K. S. Samkoe, J. A. O’Hara, T. Hasan, and B. W. Pogue, “Quantitative imaging of scattering changes associated with epithelial proliferation, necrosis, and fibrosis in tumors using microsampling reflectance spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014004 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y. Wang, M. Raj, H. S. McGuff, G. Bhave, B. Yang, T. Shen, and X. Zhang, “Portable oral cancer detection using a miniature confocal imaging probe with a large field of view,” J. Micromech. Microeng.22(6), 065001 (2012). [CrossRef]
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- N. Subhash, J. R. Mallia, S. S. Thomas, A. Mathews, P. Sebastian, and J. Madhavan, “Oral cancer detection using diffuse reflectance spectral ratio R540/R575 of oxygenated hemoglobin bands,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(1), 014018 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wang, M. Raj, H. S. McGuff, G. Bhave, B. Yang, T. Shen, and X. Zhang, “Portable oral cancer detection using a miniature confocal imaging probe with a large field of view,” J. Micromech. Microeng.22(6), 065001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Mourant, I. J. Bigio, J. Boyer, R. L. Conn, T. Johnson, and T. Shimada, “Spectroscopic diagnosis of bladder cancer with elastic light scattering,” Lasers Surg. Med.17(4), 350–357 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J.-G. Wu, Y.-Z. Xu, C.-W. Sun, R. D. Soloway, D.-F. Xu, Q.-G. Wu, K.-H. Sun, S.-F. Weng, and G.-X. Xu, “Distinguishing malignant from normal oral tissues using FTIR fiber-optic techniques,” Biopolymers62(4), 185–192 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Subhash, J. R. Mallia, S. S. Thomas, A. Mathews, P. Sebastian, and J. Madhavan, “Oral cancer detection using diffuse reflectance spectral ratio R540/R575 of oxygenated hemoglobin bands,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(1), 014018 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Am. J. Surg.
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Appl. Opt.
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Breast Cancer Res.
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Clin. Cancer Res.
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IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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J. Biomed. Opt.
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J. Micromech. Microeng.
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Lasers Surg. Med.
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PLoS ONE
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
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2012, Lue, PLoS ONE
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- Y. Wang, M. Raj, H. S. McGuff, G. Bhave, B. Yang, T. Shen, and X. Zhang, “Portable oral cancer detection using a miniature confocal imaging probe with a large field of view,” J. Micromech. Microeng.22(6), 065001 (2012). [CrossRef]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Austwick, B. Clark, C. A. Mosse, K. Johnson, D. W. Chicken, S. K. Somasundaram, K. W. Calabro, Y. Zhu, M. Falzon, G. Kocjan, T. Fearn, S. G. Bown, I. J. Bigio, and M. R. S. Keshtgar, “Scanning elastic scattering spectroscopy detects metastatic breast cancer in sentinel lymph nodes,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(4), 047001 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Q. Brown, T. M. Bydlon, L. M. Richards, S. A. Bing Yu, J. Kennedy, L. G. Geradts, M. K. Wilke, J. Junker, W. T. Gallagher, Barry, and N. Ramanujam, “Optical Assessment of Tumor Resection Margins in the Breast,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(3), 530–544 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kennedy, J. Geradts, T. Bydlon, J. Q. Brown, J. Gallagher, M. Junker, W. Barry, N. Ramanujam, and L. Wilke, “Optical breast cancer margin assessment: an observational study of the effects of tissue heterogeneity on optical contrast,” Breast Cancer Res.12(6), R91 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. G. Wilke, J. Q. Brown, T. M. Bydlon, S. A. Kennedy, L. M. Richards, M. K. Junker, J. Gallagher, W. T. Barry, J. Geradts, and N. Ramanujam, “Rapid noninvasive optical imaging of tissue composition in breast tumor margins,” Am. J. Surg.198(4), 566–574 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Krishnaswamy, P. J. Hoopes, K. S. Samkoe, J. A. O’Hara, T. Hasan, and B. W. Pogue, “Quantitative imaging of scattering changes associated with epithelial proliferation, necrosis, and fibrosis in tumors using microsampling reflectance spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014004 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. S. Gareau, Y. Li, B. Huang, Z. Eastman, K. S. Nehal, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy in Mohs skin excisions: feasibility of rapid surgical pathology,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(5), 054001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Itzkan, L. Qiu, H. Fang, M. M. Zaman, E. Vitkin, I. C. Ghiran, S. Salahuddin, M. Modell, C. Andersson, L. M. Kimerer, P. B. Cipolloni, K.-H. Lim, S. D. Freedman, I. Bigio, B. P. Sachs, E. B. Hanlon, and L. T. Perelman, “Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy monitors organelles in live cells with no exogenous labels,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(44), 17255–17260 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Subhash, J. R. Mallia, S. S. Thomas, A. Mathews, P. Sebastian, and J. Madhavan, “Oral cancer detection using diffuse reflectance spectral ratio R540/R575 of oxygenated hemoglobin bands,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(1), 014018 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Clark, A. M. Gillenwater, T. G. Collier, R. Alizadeh-Naderi, A. K. El-Naggar, and R. R. Richards-Kortum, “Confocal microscopy for real-time detection of oral cavity neoplasia,” Clin. Cancer Res.9(13), 4714–4721 (2003). [PubMed]
- S. Srinivasan, B. W. Pogue, S. Jiang, H. Dehghani, C. Kogel, S. Soho, J. J. Gibson, T. D. Tosteson, S. P. Poplack, and K. D. Paulsen, “Interpreting hemoglobin and water concentration, oxygen saturation, and scattering measured in vivo by near-infrared breast tomography,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(21), 12349–12354 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Myakov, L. Nieman, L. Wicky, U. Utzinger, R. Richards-Kortum, and K. Sokolov, “Fiber optic probe for polarized reflectance spectroscopy in vivo: Design and performance,” J. Biomed. Opt.7(3), 388–397 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.-G. Wu, Y.-Z. Xu, C.-W. Sun, R. D. Soloway, D.-F. Xu, Q.-G. Wu, K.-H. Sun, S.-F. Weng, and G.-X. Xu, “Distinguishing malignant from normal oral tissues using FTIR fiber-optic techniques,” Biopolymers62(4), 185–192 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Mourant, I. J. Bigio, J. Boyer, R. L. Conn, T. Johnson, and T. Shimada, “Spectroscopic diagnosis of bladder cancer with elastic light scattering,” Lasers Surg. Med.17(4), 350–357 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.26(12), 2166–2185 (1990). [CrossRef]
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