Structural investigations of materials in diverse fields such as biomimetics, materials engineering, and medicine have much to benefit from 3D nondestructive microscopy of representative samples of wet tissues. Phase contrast appearing in tomograms produced by Fresnel propagation of partially coherent x-ray fields is useful for visualizing submicrometer features within water-immersed samples. However, spurious contributions such as those due to randomly appearing bubbles lead to distorted images. By improving the statistics during image acquisition and reconstruction, submicrometer-sized tubules in human tooth dentin are observed. This type of wet imaging is directly applicable to the study of many mineralized tissues.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

1. O. Prymak, H. Tiemann, I. Soetje, J. C. Marxen, A. Klocke, B. Kahl-Nieke, F. Beckmann, T. Donath, and M. Epple, JBIC, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 10, 688 (2005). [CrossRef]
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5. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, 1968).
6. J.-P. Guigay, Optik (Stuttgart) 49, 121 (1977).
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9. W. L. Mao, H. Mao, Y. Meng, P. J. Eng, M. Y. Hu, P. Chow, Y. Q. Cai, J. Shu, and R. J. Hemley, Science 314, 636 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Ber. Verh. Saechs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-Phys. Kl.

• J. Radon, Ber. Verh. Saechs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-Phys. Kl. 69, 262 (1917).

J. Appl. Phys.

• P. Cloetens, M. Pateyron-Salome, J. Y. Buffiere, G. Peix, J. Baruchel, F. Peyrin, and M. Schlenker, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5878 (1997). [CrossRef]

JBIC, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.

• O. Prymak, H. Tiemann, I. Soetje, J. C. Marxen, A. Klocke, B. Kahl-Nieke, F. Beckmann, T. Donath, and M. Epple, JBIC, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 10, 688 (2005). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• S. Zabler, P. Zaslansky, H. Riesemeier, and P. Fratzl, Opt. Express 14, 8584 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Optik (Stuttgart)

• J.-P. Guigay, Optik (Stuttgart) 49, 121 (1977).

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• T. J. Davis, T. E. Gureyev, D. Gao, A. W. Stevenson, and S. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3173 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

• P. Cloetens, R. Mache, M. Schlenker, and S. Lerbs-Mache, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 14626 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

• S. Zabler, P. Cloetens, J.-P. Guigay, J. Baruchel, and M. Schlenker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 073705 (2005). [CrossRef]

Science

• W. L. Mao, H. Mao, Y. Meng, P. J. Eng, M. Y. Hu, P. Chow, Y. Q. Cai, J. Shu, and R. J. Hemley, Science 314, 636 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• D. M. Paganin, Coherent X-Ray Optics (Oxford U. Press, 2006). [CrossRef]
• H. A. Lowenstam and S. Weiner, On Biomineralization (Oxford U. Press, 1989).
• A. Guinier, X-ray diffraction in crystals, imperfect crystals and amorphous bodies (Freeman & Co., 1963).
• J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, 1968).

2006, , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
2006, , Opt. Express
2006, , Science
2005, , Rev. Sci. Instrum.
2005, , JBIC, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.
1997, , J. Appl. Phys.
1995, , Phys. Rev. Lett.
1977, , Optik (Stuttgart)
1917, , Ber. Verh. Saechs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-Phys. Kl.

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